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01 02 The concept of 'othering' which can be understood as the process of differentiation from the Self has been a basic tenet of the war story since war stories were first told. This practise of deliberate differentiation is indicative of the fact that war stories are essentially about the production of identity. The aim of this book, therefore, is to unravel some of the gendered ideologies that underpin the link between state identity and foreign security policy by looking at a certain case, state and foreign security policy. In particular this volume explores the identity of the United States through military documents on perception management in conflict from 1991-2007 shedding light on the 'othering' and the 'selfing' that occurs in these particular war stories. In doing so it lays bare the gendered ideologies that underpins US identity between these years as well as exploring potential spaces for alternatives. Thus, this book ventures a detailed and unique look at a particular aspect of the gendered reproduction of the state. 02 02 Differentiation from the Self has been a unifying feature of war stories since they were first told highlighting that war stories are about the production of identity. Based on analysis of military documents, this book aims to unravel some of the gendered ideologies that underpin the link between state identity and foreign security policy 13 02 Elgin Medea Brunner was a Senior Researcher at the Center for Security Studies. She holds a Doctorate in Political Science from the University of Vienna, a Master in Political Science and a Master in International Relations both from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. Her research focus lies on gender issues in security studies and international relations, risk analysis and resilience as well as critical (information) infrastructure protection and cyber conflicts. 04 02 Figures, Tables and Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Contextualizing the Study of Gender and War 2. Making Gender Tangible in Military Discourse 3. Poststructuralism in International Relations Theory 4. From Women to Gender – Poststructuralist Feminism in International Relations and Security Studies 5. The Performative Relation between Foreign Policy (Military Discourse) and (Gendered) Identities 6. Accounting for the Unaccountable: Ideology and Discourse – a Strained Relation? 7. Methodology and Data 8. The Doctrine of Military 'Perception Management' in Conflict 9. Information (Age) Warfare 10. Reading Identity I: (not so) Silent Documents 11. Gendered Ideological Underpinnings: Masculinist Neoliberalism 12. The Practice of Military 'Perception Management' in Conflict 13. Self and Other in Psyop Leaflets 14. Reading Identity II: Telling Articulations 15. The Masculinist Orientalism of the Omnipotent aviour 16. Performing Identity/Foreign (Security) Policy Conclusion – Another Gendered Reproduction of the State Annex: Sources I. Military Doctrine Documents II. US Armed Forces Leaflets Bibliography 08 02 What do military doctrines and propaganda leaflets have to do with national identity and gender? Everything, argues Elgin Brunner in this wide-ranging and innovative book. Theoretically sophisticated, methodologically thorough, and refreshingly not loath to inject an updated notion of ideology into her post-structuralist approach, the book adds a new spin to feminist contentions that link foreign policy to gendered constructions of state identity. A multiple reading of texts and silenced intertexts reveal an 'information age' military with neoliberal traits, Orientalist productions of hypermasculine enemies and feeble civilian others, and stealth performances of US identity. A dizzying tour through the discursive corridors of the US military that shakes our understanding of what foreign policy and military strategy are all about! Elisabeth Prügl, Deputy Director, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Switzerland This timely book engages with the hereto insufficiently researched subject area of US military perception management doctrine and practice in an analytically deep and critically sophisticated manner. By unearthing war schemes of power through gendered constructions of identity and by showing the implications of these constructions for the state, its society, and its foreign policy from a wealth of documents, the book positions itself as a highly relevant and thought-provoking volume in the poststructuralist research tradition. Myriam Dunn Cavelty, lecturer in security studies and senior researcher at the Center for Security Studies (CSS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Goes beyond transgender to question the need for gender classification.Beyond Transpushes the conversation on gender identity to its limits: questioning the need for gender categories in the first place. Whether on birth certificates or college admissions applications or on bathroom doors, why do we need to mark people and places with sex categories? Do they serve a real purpose or are these places and forms just mechanisms of exclusion? Heath Fogg Davis offers an impassioned call to rethink the usefulness of dividing the world into not just Male and Female categories but even additional categories of Transgender and gender fluid. Davis, himself a transgender man, explores the underlying gender-enforcing policies and customs in American life that have led to transgender bathroom bills, college admissions controversies, and more, arguing that it is necessary for our society to take real steps to challenge the assumption that gender matters.He examines four areas where we need to re-think our sex-classification systems: sex-marked identity documents such as birth certificates, driver's licenses and passports; sex-segregated public restrooms; single-sex colleges; and sex-segregated sports. Speaking from his own experience and drawing upon major cases of sex discrimination in the news and in the courts, Davis presents a persuasive case for challenging how individuals are classified according to sex and offers concrete recommendations for alleviating sex identity discrimination and sex-based disadvantage.For anyone in search of pragmatic ways to make our world more inclusive, Davis' recommendations provide much-needed practical guidance about how to work through this complex issue. A provocative call to action,Beyond Transpushes us to think how we can work to make America truly inclusive of all people.

The conventional interpretation of equality under the law singles out certain groups or classes for constitutional protection: women, racial minorities, and gays and lesbians. The United States Supreme Court calls these groups 'suspect classes'. Laws that discriminate against them are generally unconstitutional. While this is a familiar account of equal protection jurisprudence, this book argues that this approach suffers from hitherto unnoticed normative and political problems. The book elucidates a competing, extant interpretation of equal protection jurisprudence that avoids these problems. The interpretation is not concerned with suspect classes but rather with the kinds of reasons that are already inadmissible as a matter of constitutional law. This alternative approach treats the equal protection clause like any other limit on governmental power, thus allowing the Court to invalidate equality-infringing laws and policies by focusing on their justification rather than the identity group they discriminate against.

p strongDworkin and Wachs analyze 10 years of health and fitness magazines to uncover how bodies are made in popular culture/strong Are you ripped? Do you need to work on your abs? Do you know your ideal body weight? Your body fat index? Increasingly, Americans are being sold on a fitness ideal—not just thin but toned, not just muscular but cut—that is harder and harder to reach. In strongBody Panic/strong, Shari L. Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs ask why. How did these particular body types come to be “fit”? And how is it that having an unfit, or “bad,” body gets conflated with being an unfit, or “bad,” citizen? Dworkin and Wachs head to the newsstand for this study, examining ten years worth of men’s and women’s health and fitness magazines to determine the ways in which bodies are “made” in today’s culture. They dissect the images, the workouts, and the ideology being sold, as well as the contemporary links among health, morality, citizenship, and identity that can be read on these pages. While women and body image are often studied together, strongBody Panic/strong considers both women’s and men’s bodies side-by-side and over time in order to offer a more in-depth understanding of this pervasive cultural trend./p

Although they wrote in the same historical milieu as their male counterparts, women writers of the 19th- and early 20th-centuries have generally been "ghettoized" by critics into a separate canonical sphere. These original essays argue in favor of reconciling male and female writers, both historically and in the context of classroom teaching.   While some of the essays pair up female and male authors who write in a similar style or with similar concerns, others address social issues shared by both men and women, including class tensions, economic problems, and the Civil War experience. Rather than privileging particular genres or certain well-known writers, the contributors examine writings ranging from novels and poetry to autobiography, utopian fiction, and essays. And they consider familiar figures like Harriet Beecher Stowe, Emily Dickinson, and Ralph Waldo Emerson alongside such lesser-known writers as Melusina Fay Peirce, Susie King Taylor, and Mary Gove Nichols.   Each essay revises the binary notions that have been ascribed to males and females, such as public and private, rational and intuitive, political and domestic, violent and passive. Although they do not deny the existence of separate spheres, the contributors show the boundary between them to be much more blurred than has been assumed until now.  

Punctuated with remarkable case studies, this book explores extraordinary encounters between hermaphrodites--people born with \"ambiguous\" sexual anatomy--and the medical and scientific professionals who grappled with them. Alice Dreger focuses on events in France and Britain in the late nineteenth century, a moment of great tension for questions of sex roles. While feminists, homosexuals, and anthropological explorers openly questioned the natures and purposes of the two sexes, anatomical hermaphrodites suggested a deeper question: just how many human sexes are there? Ultimately hermaphrodites led doctors and scientists to another surprisingly difficult question: what is sex, really?Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex takes us inside the doctors' chambers to see how and why medical and scientific men constructed sex, gender, and sexuality as they did, and especially how the material conformation of hermaphroditic bodies--when combined with social exigencies--forced peculiar constructions. Throughout the book Dreger indicates how this history can help us to understand present-day conceptualizations of sex, gender, and sexuality. This leads to an epilogue, where the author discusses and questions the protocols employed today in the treatment of intersexuals (people born hermaphroditic). Given the history she has recounted, should these protocols be reconsidered and revised? A meticulously researched account of a fascinating problem in the history of medicine, this book will compel the attention of historians, physicians, medical ethicists, intersexuals themselves, and anyone interested in the meanings and foundations of sexual identity.

When black women were brought from Africa to the New World as slave laborers, their value was determined by their ability to work as well as their potential to bear children, who by law would become the enslaved property of the mother's master. In Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery , Jennifer L. Morgan examines for the first time how African women's labor in both senses became intertwined in the English colonies. Beginning with the ideological foundations of racial slavery in early modern Europe, Laboring Women traverses the Atlantic, exploring the social and cultural lives of women in West Africa, slaveowners' expectations for reproductive labor, and women's lives as workers and mothers under colonial slavery. Challenging conventional wisdom, Morgan reveals how expectations regarding gender and reproduction were central to racial ideologies, the organization of slave labor, and the nature of slave community and resistance. Taking into consideration the heritage of Africans prior to enslavement and the cultural logic of values and practices recreated under the duress of slavery, she examines how women's gender identity was defined by their shared experiences as agricultural laborers and mothers, and shows how, given these distinctions, their situation differed considerably from that of enslaved men. Telling her story through the arc of African women's actual lives--from West Africa, to the experience of the Middle Passage, to life on the plantations--she offers a thoughtful look at the ways women's reproductive experience shaped their roles in communities and helped them resist some of the more egregious effects of slave life. Presenting a highly original, theoretically grounded view of reproduction and labor as the twin pillars of female exploitation in slavery, Laboring Women is a distinctive contribution to the literature of slavery and the history of women.

Adapts Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of the grotesque, as well as the latest in gender and psychoanalytic theory, to the major works of acclaimed southern writer Carson McCullers. This innovative reconsideration of the themes of Carson McCullers's fiction argues that her work has heretofore suffered under the pall of narrow gothic interpretations, obscuring a more subversive agenda. By examining McCullers's major novels—The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, Reflections in a Golden Eye, The Member of the Wedding, and The Ballad of the Sad Cafe—Gleeson-White locates a radical and specific form of the grotesque in the author's fiction: the liberating and redemptive possibilities of errant gender roles and shifting sexuality. She does this by employing Bakhtin's theory of the grotesque, which is both affirming and revolutionary, and thereby moves McCullers's texts beyond the 'gloom and doom' with which they have been charged for over fifty years. The first chapter explores female adolescence by focusing on McCullers's tomboys in the context of oppressive southern womanhood. The second chapter analyzes McCullers's fascinating struggle to depict homosexual desire outside of traditional stereotypes. Gleeson-White then examines McCullers's portrayals of feminine and masculine gender through the tropes of cross-dressing, transvestism, and masquerade. The final chapter takes issue with earlier readings of androgyny in the texts to suggest a more useful concept McCullers herself called the hybrid. Underpinning the whole study is the idea of a provocative, dynamic form of the grotesque that challenges traditional categories of normal and abnormal. Because the characters and themes of McCullers's fiction were created in the 1940s and 1950s, a time of tension between the changing status of women and the southern ideal of womanhood, they are particularly fertile ground for a modern reexamination of this nature. Gleeson-White's study will be valued by scholars of American literature and gender and queer studies, by students of psychology, by academic libraries, and by readers of Carson McCullers. Strange Bodies is a thoughtful, highly credible analysis that adds dimension to the study of southern literature. Sarah Gleeson-White is an independent scholar living in Sydney, Australia.

Challenging assumptions about women?s magazines, Currie looks at young readers and how they interpret the message of magazines in their everyday lives. A fascinating, sometimes surprising study of young women and their relationship with print media.