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This study validates and extends the latest unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) with the privacy calculus model. To evaluate the adoption of healthcare and e-government applications, researchers have recommended—in previous literature—the application of technology adoption models with privacy, trust, and security-related constructs. However, the current UTAUT2 model lacks privacy, trust, and security-related constructs. Therefore, the proposed UTAUT2 with the privacy calculus model is incorporated into four constructs: privacy concern, perceived risk, trust in the smart national identity card (SNIC), and perceived credibility. Results from a survey data of 720 respondents show that habit, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, and price value are direct determinants that influence behavioral intentions to use. Results also revealed that behavioral intentions, facilitating conditions, habits, perceived risks, and privacy concerns are direct predictors of ‘use behavior’. The authors also analyzed the interrelationships among the research constructs. The extended model may lead toward establishing better innovative e-health services to cover the desires of the citizens through the use of health information applications embedded in an all-in-one card.

In order to improve the identification efficiency, strengthen quality control, and realize the quick traceability and adulteration analysis of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) and Xinhui's Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (XCRP, geoauthentic herb), UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS combined with “digital identity card” was used to explore digital identification of CRP. UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS chemical analysis was conducted on CRP from different origins, and after quantized processing, the shared ions were extracted from different batches of CRP from the same origin as the “ions representation” of CRP of the same origin. Further, the data set of unique ions of each origin relative to other origins was screened out as “digital identity card” of CRP from each origin. In addition, the CRPs that do not originated from Xinhui were mixed and prepared as reference samples. Then the reference samples and XCRP were used to extract “digital identity card” of CRP and XCRP again. Based on the matching of the above “digital identity card” and feedback matching credibility (MC) to realize the traceability and adulteration analysis of CRP. The results showed that the traceability analysis can be effectively realized based on the “digital identity card” of CRP from different origins, and the MC was as high as 90%. Even if 5% of CRP was added to XCRP, it can still be effectively detected in adulteration analysis. GRP's origin traceability and adulteration analysis can be realized based on UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis and “digital identity card” effectively and accurately. It has important reference significance for the quick digital analysis of traceability and adulteration of CRPs and digital quality control of Chinese medicines. GRP's origin traceability and adulteration analysis can be effectively and accurately realized on the basis of UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis and “digital identity card.” It has important reference significance for the quick digital analysis of traceability and adulteration of CRPs and digital quality control of Chinese medicines.

In the regulatory market, it is not uncommon for ginseng radix et rhizoma (GR) to be adulterated with panacis quinquefolii radix (PR). Amid the digital transformation, this study puts forward a new method for the identification of GR adulterated with PR. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to detect multiple batches of GR and PR to obtain mass spectrometry data. The common ions were isolated from multiple batches of GR and PR, serving as GR and PR’s “ion matrices”. Furthermore, GR and PR’s “ion matrices” were used to eliminate intersecting ion data to extract the top-100 ions as GR and PR “matrix identity cards” (MICs). Then, GR and PR’s MICs were employed as a reference for identification, yielding contrast credibility (CC) as feedback. The results indicated that leveraging the MICs of GR and PR enables efficient and precise digital identification of the two herbs: pure GR showed CC ≥ 95% when matched with GR MIC (≤2% with PR MIC), pure PR showed CC ≥ 93% with PR MIC (≤3% with GR MIC), and non-parametric analysis confirmed significant differences between groups (p < 0.01). Even in 5% PR-adulterated samples, CC ranged from 24% to 28% (avg. 25.8%) when matched with PR MIC, leading to a 26% adulteration detection threshold. Moreover, two adulterated batches were identified among ten GR blind samples, which was consistent with verification via PR-specific pseudo-ginsenoside F11. This research is practically valuable for distinguishing between GR and PR, combating adulteration, and reinforcing GR quality management. It also informs the digital identification of GR via UPLC-QTOF-MS and “MICs”, contributing to the digital quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).

To understand the genetic relationships of Castanea species, 16 phenotypic traits were measured, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were analyzed, and molecular identity cards (IDs) were constructed for 118 Castanea materials using fluorescent capillary electrophoresis. The coefficient of variation values of the 16 morphological traits of the test materials ranged from 11.11% to 60.38%. A total of 58 alleles were detected using six pairs of SSR core primers, with an average number of 9.7 alleles per locus. The average number of valid alleles per locus was 3.9419 and the proportion of valid alleles was 40.78%. A total of 105 genotypes were detected, and the number of genotypic species that could be amplified per primer pair ranged from 8 to 26. The mean value of the observed heterozygosity was 0.4986. The variation in the He, H, and PIC values was similar; the size of I value was approximately 2.21 times larger, and its mean number of variations was 0.7390, 0.7359, 0.6985, and 1.6015, respectively. The classification of 118 Castanea species was performed using three analytical methods: structure analysis, neighbor-joining (NJ) cluster analysis, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and the results of the three methods were in high agreement. Six pairs of SSR core primers with high polymorphism and strong discriminatory properties were used to identify 118 Castanea plants, and a unique molecular ID card was constructed for each material. These results provide insight into the genetic diversity and population structure of Castanea plants and a theoretical basis for improving the phenomenon of mixed varieties and substandard plants in the Castanea plant market.

Through the National Registration Bureau (NRB), the Malawi government introduced mandatory registration and the issuance of National Identity Cards (IDs) to its bona fide Malawian citizens aged 16 and above, in accordance with the Registration Act of 2010. This administration is currently carried out manually in a few designated National Registration Bureau (NRB) offices. As a result, citizens find it time-consuming and congested to renew their IDs in case of loss, damage, or expiration. Due to these drawbacks, there was a need for a new system that could help overcome these challenges, leading to the proposition of an \"Online National Citizen's ID Renewal System. The system is aimed at simplifying the process of renewing national ID cards for Malawian citizens in a convenient and secure manner. Through the web portal provided by the system, citizens are able to complete the renewal process in one sitting without being required to physically visit the National Registration Bureau offices (NRB). The functionality of the system requires citizens to create an account, wherein their names and their previous ID numbers are used as usernames and passwords, respectively, or credentials to log in to the system. Once the information has been verified, citizens would be able to access renewal or registration forms (which are currently collected, filled, and submitted manually) and pay the relevant renewal fee, which is currently at MWK2500, through secure payment gateways. To ensure the security and privacy of the citizens' personal information, the system is implementing industry-standard encryption and authentication protocols and is complying with data protection laws and regulations mandated by the Malawi Government. The online national Citizens ID renewal system will provide a more efficient, accessible, and secure system for managing citizen ID renewals. It has also reduced waiting times, improved accuracy, and increased accessibility for all citizens, while also providing better security and efficiency for government staff managing the system. The Online National Citizen's ID Renewal System is expected to improve the current manual ID renewal system, which poses several challenges and limitations, such as long waiting times, errors, inaccuracies, and inefficiency.

This article discusses the changes that are the result of entry the new personal ID card issued in Poland. The new document contains less information about the owner, i.e. height, eye color or signature, so that the risk of identity theft is significantly greater.

The study investigates the acceptance of automated teller machine (ATM) and transit applications (Touch ‘n Go) embedded in Malaysian multipurpose smart identity card named as MyKad. A research framework was developed based on UTAUT model. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that Malaysians do not have strong intentions of using the two applications due lack of understanding of the benefits and the efforts needed to use the applications. In addition, they have the misconception that there are insufficient facilities to support the usage of the applications. Consequently, there is no social support to use the applications. Moreover, they perceive that the applications do not have credibility. Besides, they are unsure if they use of the applications would cause anxieties. Recommendations were given to increase the acceptance and to resolve the issues.

The Student Identity Card used at Immanuel Technology High School is planned to be completed with RFID in the Academic Year 2018/2019. Based on this then one of the RFID usage on Student Identity Card is for the election of the Governor of Student Executive Board (BEM). This is to help the election committee can quickly handle the selection process quickly and efficiently without having to do manual recording of student data that make the selection. RFID to be installed is RFID Tag Mifare, other than that required hardware such as Arduino Board and RFID Reader RC522. Data of students who have made the selection will be stored in the MySQL database The results of this study is expected to help the selection process so it takes place with honest, fair, fast, and efficient.

“In 2022, we saw the highest number of Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces since 2005, often following excessive use of force”, Ajith Sunghay, Head of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the occupied Palestinian territory, said in a press release. A report released by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) on April 4, detailed the health impact of Israeli military measures in and around Masafer Yatta—an area in the West Bank where, in 2022, the Israeli Supreme Court allowed the forced displacement of Palestinians to make way for a military zone. According to the report, patients were routinely denied access to villages where MSF provides medical services if their identity card showed they were from a different village.

The comparison of chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences among different plant species is an important source of plant molecular phylogenetic data. In this paper, the cpDNA sequences of 13 different oil-tea camellia samples were compared to identify an undetermined oil-tea camellia species from Hainan Province. The cpDNA of the samples was sequenced and resequenced, and divergence hotspots and simple sequence repeat (SSR) variations were analyzed. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the full cpDNA sequences. The cpDNA sequences were 156512∼157089 bp in length and had the circular tetrad structure typical of angiosperms. The inverted repeats (IRs) of different species included varying contractions and expansions. The cpDNA sequences of the samples of the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province and Camellia gauchowensis from Xuwen County were identical. In total, 136 genes were annotated, including 91 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The GC content of the cpDNA was 37.3%. The small single-copy (SSC)/IR boundary was rich in variation. Divergence hotspots were mainly located in the intergenic space (IGS) and coding sequences (CDSs), and there were obvious differences in divergence hotspots among species. The same divergence hotspots were found in Camellia vietnamensis , Camellia gauchowensis and the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province. A total of 191∼198 SSR loci were detected. Most of the SSRs included A or T, and the distribution of SSRs in the cpDNA was uneven. Different species shared common SSRs and exhibited unique SSRs. Based on the full cpDNA sequences, the evolutionary relationships of different species of Camellia were well identified. The thirteen samples were classified into 2 clades and 6 subclades, and the different sections of Camellia clustered on the same branch in 2 clades and 2 subclades. Camellia vietnamensis was more closely related to the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province and the sample of Camellia gauchowensis from Xuwen County than to the sample of Camellia gauchowensis from Luchuan County. Camellia osmantha was closely related to Camellia gauchowensis and Camellia vietnamensis . In conclusion, the cpDNA of different oil-tea camellia species has a conserved tetrad structure with certain length polymorphisms. SSRs are expected to be developed as “barcodes” or “identity cards” for species identification. SSR variations and other factors result in abundant divergence hotspots in the CDSs and IGS (one non-CDS region), indicating that full cpDNA sequences can be used for the species identification and phylogenetic analysis of Camellia . Accordingly, the undetermined species of oil-tea camellia from Hainan Province is likely Camellia vietnamensis , Camellia vietnamensis and Camellia gauchowensis may be the same species, and additional genetic evidence is needed to determine whether Camellia osmantha is a new independent species. The previous division of related sections of Camellia may need readjustment based on full cpDNA sequences.