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Killing in self-defence
This book is a comprehensive analysis of the criminal defence of self-defence from a philosophical, legal, and human rights perspective. The primary focus is on self-defence as a defence to homicide, as this is the most difficult type of self-defensive force to justify. Although not always recognised as such, self-defence is a contentious defence, permitting as it does the victim of an attack to preserve her life at the expense of another. If one holds that all human life is of equal value, explaining why this is permissible poses something of a challenge. It is particularly difficult to explain where the aggressor is, for reasons of non-age or insanity for example, not responsible for her actions. The first part of the book identifies the proper theoretical basis of a claim of self-defence. It examines the classification of defences, and the concepts of justification and excuse in particular, and locates self-defence within this classification. It then proceeds critically to analyse various philosophical explanations of why self-defensive killing is justified, before concluding that the most convincing account is one that draws on the right to life with an accompanying theory of forfeiture. The book then proceeds to draw upon this analysis to examine various aspects of the law of self-defence, including retreat, imminence of harm, self-generated self-defence, mistake, and proportionality. The analysis draws on material from all of the major common law jurisdictions and the various jurisdictions of the US. The book concludes with an examination of the implications that the European Convention on Human Rights might have for the law of self-defence.
eBook
Britain, Ireland, and Continental Europe in the eighteenth century : similarities, connections, identities
Britain's separateness from the rest of Europe is often taken as read. For generations, historians have presented Britain as exceptional and different. In recent years an emphasis on the Atlantic and imperial aspects of British history, and on the importance of the nation and national identity, has made Britain and Ireland seem even more distant from the neighbouring Continent.
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The Uses of Science in the Age of Newton
The Uses of Science in the Age of Newton edited by John G. Burke brings together leading historians of science to examine the contested relationship between knowledge, utility, and society in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England. Moving beyond the older assumption that science developed in isolation from political, religious, and practical concerns, the volume engages with the \"new contextualist\" arguments of Margaret and James Jacob and others who claim that natural philosophy--Newtonianism above all--was deeply intertwined with Whig politics, Anglican theology, and broader social interests. At stake is whether science in the Newtonian age can be understood primarily as the disinterested pursuit of truth, or whether it must be analyzed as a body of knowledge shaped by and deployed for social and ideological purposes. The essays address this problem from multiple vantage points: poets' responses to Copernican astronomy; the Royal Society's Baconian histories of trades; the revolution in instrumentation from microscopes to precision clocks; Robert Hooke's successes and failures in applying theory to technology; early studies of gunnery and ballistics; the centuries-long challenge of solving longitude; and the politics of Newtonianism across Whig and Tory divides. Collectively, the contributors show both the promise and the limits of contextualist explanations. While ideological and social pressures clearly influenced the reception and institutionalization of science, technical innovation, methodological reform, and the drive for knowledge itself were equally decisive in shaping outcomes. Rich in case studies and historiographical debate, The Uses of Science in the Age of Newton provides a nuanced account of how science functioned within the fabric of early modern society, making it an essential resource for historians, philosophers,
and anyone interested in the complex origins of modern scientific culture. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1983. Many titles in the Voices Revived program are also newly available as ebooks, offered at a discounted price to support wider access to scholarly work.
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British Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century
Sarah Hutton presents a rich historical study of one of the most fertile periods in philosophy. It was in the seventeenth century that Britain first produced philosophers of international stature. Bacon, Hobbes, and Locke, and many other thinkers are shown in their intellectual, social, political, and religious context.
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Morbid curiosities : medical museums in nineteenth-century Britain
'Morbid Curiosities' is a comprehensive study of 19th-century medical museums in Britain. This book looks at the variety of collections of human remains in Britain and is a history of the material culture of medical knowledge.
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Historians, Economists, and Economic History (Routledge Revivals)
First published in 1989, Alon Kadish’s study re-examines the standard view held by historians of economic thought whereby economic history emerged from the historicist criticism of neoclassical economic theory. He also demonstrates how the discipline evolved as an extension of the study of history. The study will appeal to students and scholars in historiography, the development of higher education and in the history if economic thought in general, as well as all those interested in the evolution of Oxford and Cambridge.
Part I: Oxford historians 1. The righteous wrath of James E. Thorold Rogers 2. Professors and tutors 3. Tutors and students Part II: The Cambridge economists 4. Economics at Cambridge, c.1885 5. Tinkering with the triposes 6. The liberation Part III: Economic history and the contradiction of economics 7. The contradiction of economics
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John Locke and natural philosophy
This book studies Locke's views on the content and method of natural philosophy. Focusing on his Essay concerning Human Understanding, but also drawing extensively from Locke's other writings and manuscript remains, it argues that Locke was an advocate of the Experimental Philosophy: the new approach to natural philosophy championed by Robert Boyle and the early Royal Society. On the question of method, this study demonstrates how Locke's pessimism about the prospects for a demonstrative science of nature led him, in the Essay, to promote Francis Bacon's method of natural history, and to downplay the value of hypotheses and analogical reasoning in science. Yet, it is argued, Locke never abandoned the ideal of a demonstrative natural philosophy, for he believed that, if we could discover the primary qualities of the tiny corpuscles that constitute material bodies, we could then establish a kind of corpuscular metric that would allow us a genuine science of nature. It was only after the publication of the Essay, however, that Locke came to realize that Newton's Principia provided a different model for the role of demonstrative reasoning in science, a model based on principles established by observation. This led Locke to make significant revisions to his views in the 1690s. On the content of Locke's natural philosophy, this book argues that, even though Locke adhered to the Experimental Philosophy he, was not averse to speculation about the corpuscular nature of matter. It takes us into new terrain and new interpretations of Locke's thought through an exploration of his mercurialist transmutational chymistry, his theory of generation by seminal principles, and his conventionalism about species.
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