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Xtreme illusions. 2
Watch out! This book will scramble your eyeballs and boggle your brain with Perplexing Puzzles, Impossible Illusions, Loopy Lines, and more dizzying delights!-- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Hallucination
Scientific and philosophical perspectives on hallucination: essays that draw on empirical evidence from psychology, neuroscience, and cutting-edge philosophical theory.
Reflection on the nature of hallucination has relevance for many traditional philosophical debates concerning the nature of the mind, perception, and our knowledge of the world. In recent years, neuroimaging techniques and scientific findings on the nature of hallucination, combined with interest in new philosophical theories of perception such as disjunctivism, have brought the topic of hallucination once more to the forefront of philosophical thinking. Scientific evidence from psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry sheds light on the functional role and physiology of actual hallucinations; some disjunctivist theories offer a radically new and different philosophical conception of hallucination. This volume offers interdisciplinary perspectives on the nature of hallucination, offering essays by both scientists and philosophers.
Contributors first consider topics from psychology and neuroscience, including neurobiological mechanisms of hallucination and the nature and phenomenology of auditory-verbal hallucinations. Philosophical discussions follow, with contributors first considering disjunctivism and then, more generally, the relation between hallucination and the nature of experience.
Contributors
István Aranyosi, Richard P. Bentall, Paul Coates, Fabian Dorsch, Katalin Farkas, Charles Fernyhough, Dominic H. ffytche, Benj Hellie, Matthew Kennedy, Fiona Macpherson, Ksenija Maravic da Silva, Peter Naish, Simon McCarthy-Jones, Matthew Nudds, Costas Pagondiotis, Ian Phillips, Dimitris Platchias, Howard Robinson, Susanna Schellenberg, Filippo Varese
eBook
Xtreme illusions
Seeing is believing. But what if you simply can't believe your eyes? Dive into another dimension and experience the eye-boggling and brain-twisting extremes of these awesome optical illusions. This mind-bending collection of visual puzzles will amaze your friends, mystify your family and even blow your own mind!
Book
A review on various explanations of Ponzo-like illusions
This article reviews theoretical and empirical arguments for and against various theories that explain the classic Ponzo illusion and its variants from two different viewpoints concerning the role of perceived depth in size distortions. The first viewpoint argues that all Ponzo-like illusions are driven by perceived depth. The second viewpoint argues that the classic Ponzo illusion is unrelated to depth perception. This review will give special focus to the first viewpoint and consists of three sections. In the first section, the role of the number of pictorial depth cues and previous experience in the strength of all Ponzo-like illusions are discussed. In the second section, we contrast the first viewpoint against the theories that explain the classic Ponzo illusion with mechanisms that are unrelated to depth perception. In the last section, we propose a Bayesian-motivated reconceptualization of Richard Gregory’s misapplied size constancy theory that explains Ponzo-variant illusions in terms of prior information and prediction errors. The new account explains why some studies have provided inconsistent evidence for misapplied size constancy theory.
Journal Article
The inner tube effect
We describe a novel size illusion in which targets appear to either shrink or grow when enclosed within a narrow tube. The direction of size change is determined by the contrast step between display elements. We first noticed this effect in the context of the dynamic “rocking line” illusion (RLI), but it can also be easily seen in completely static displays. As with the RLI, the overall scale of the display seems to play an important role. We provide an online, interactive demo, enabling the reader to explore the relevant parameter space.
Journal Article
Trick of the eye : art and illusion
Examines illusion in art and explores the techniques, styles, use of perspective, and composition that draw people in for repeated looks.
Book
Filled space and filled time illusions vary similarly with analogous stimulus parameters
Visual filled space (Oppel-Kundt) and auditory filled time illusions distort the perception of spatial width and temporal length, respectively. Although these two illusions occur in different physical domains, space and time, their construction principles are analogous, raising the question of whether they are related. In this study, visual and auditory stimuli were constructed in a comparable manner and presented in psychophysical experiments to investigate these distortions. The paired results revealed correlations in illusion strength change across various stimulus parameter changes. Illusion strength increased with the number of fillers, saturating at about six fillers. Relative illusion strength decreased with increasing interval length. Reversing stimulus order had little effect. Introducing gaps reduced illusion strength, but only for visual stimuli. These findings support the notion that related perceptual processes, possibly grounded in closely related neural structures, underlie both illusions.
Journal Article
13 art illusions children should know
Children love to be fooled--and artists are some of the greatest tricksters around. This collection features artworks that incorporate a variety of methods for tricking our eyes: including trompe l'oeil, clever uses of color and perspective, Surrealism, and Photo-Realism. Arranged thematically, each work is presented in a two-page spread. Lively texts explain the methods the artists employed to shape their illusions. Reproduced in vibrant color, these pieces of ripe fruit, blooming flowers, a half-opened curtain, flickering lines, and impossible worlds come alive on the page, providing hours of absorbing fun as readers are drawn into the stories behind their creation. Playful, intriguing, and educational, these great illusions are a terrific way to introduce children to the world of art.
Book
Body ownership causes illusory self-attribution of speaking and influences subsequent real speaking
When we carry out an act, we typically attribute the action to ourselves, the sense of agency. Explanations for agency include conscious prior intention to act, followed by observation of the sensory consequences; brain activity that involves the feed-forward prediction of the consequences combined with rapid inverse motor prediction to fine-tune the action in real time; priming where there is, e.g., a prior command to perform the act; a cause (the intention to act) preceding the effect (the results of the action); and common-sense rules of attribution of physical causality satisfied. We describe an experiment where participants falsely attributed an act to themselves under conditions that apparently cannot be explained by these theories. A life-sized virtual body (VB) seen from the first-person perspective in 3D stereo, as if substituting the real body, was used to induce the illusion of ownership over the VB. Half of the 44 experimental participants experienced VB movements that were synchronous with their own movements (sync), and the other half asynchronous (async). The VB, seen in a mirror, spoke with corresponding lip movements, and for half of the participants this was accompanied by synchronous vibrotactile stimulation on the thyroid cartilage (Von) but this was not so for the other half. Participants experiencing sync misattributed the speaking to themselves and also shifted the fundamental frequency of their later utterances toward the stimulus voice. Von also contributed to these results. We show that these findings can be explained by current theories of agency, provided that the critical role of ownership over the VB is taken into account.
Significance Under normal circumstances we consciously attribute authorship of our actions to ourselves, the sensation of agency. We describe an experiment where participants observed a virtual human character speak and falsely attributed the speaking to themselves. They later shifted the FF of their own voice toward the stimulus voice. This only occurred when the life-sized VB substituted their own and moved with their own movements. A further contribution to the effect was vibrotactile stimulation on the thyroid cartilage synchronized with the speaking. This suggests that agency can be self-attributed even in the absence of prior intention, feed-forward prediction, priming, and cause preceding effect. A critical contributor is the illusion of ownership over the VB that spoke.
Journal Article