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Establishing phase relationships between earth-system components during periods of rapid global change is vital to understanding the underlying processes. It requires records of each component with independent and accurate chronologies. Until now, no continental record extending from the present to the penultimate glacial had such a chronology to our knowledge. Here, we present such a record from the annually laminated sediments of Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy. Using this record we determine the duration (17.70 ± 0.20 ka) and age of onset (127.20 ± 1.60 ka B.P.) of the last interglacial, as reflected by terrestrial ecosystems. This record also reveals that the transitions at the beginning and end of the interglacial spanned only [almost equal to]100 and 150 years, respectively. Comparison with records of other earth-system components reveals complex leads and lags. During the penultimate deglaciation phase relationships are similar to those during the most recent deglaciation, peaks in Antarctic warming and atmospheric methane both leading Northern Hemisphere terrestrial warming. It is notable, however, that there is no evidence at Monticchio of a Younger Dryas-like oscillation during the penultimate deglaciation. Warming into the first major interstadial event after the last interglacial is characterized by markedly different phase relationships to those of the deglaciations, warming at Monticchio coinciding with Antarctic warming and leading the atmospheric methane increase. Diachroneity is seen at the end of the interglacial; several global proxies indicate progressive cooling after [almost equal to]115 ka B.P., whereas the main terrestrial response in the Mediterranean region is abrupt and occurs at 109.50 ± 1.40 ka B.P.

Attine ants engage in a quadripartite symbiosis with fungi they cultivate for food, specialized garden parasites, and parasite-inhibiting bacteria. Molecular phylogenetic evidence supports an ancient host-pathogen association between the ant-cultivar mutualism and the garden parasite. Here we show that ants rear the antibiotic-producing bacteria in elaborate cuticular crypts, supported by unique exocrine glands, and that these structures have been highly modified across the ants' evolutionary history. This specialized structural evolution, together with the absence of these bacteria and modifications in other ant genera that do not grow fungus, indicate that the bacteria have an ancient and coevolved association with the ants, their fungal cultivar, and the garden parasite.

Between 1825 and 1850 fashion news shifted dramatically from textual description to pictorial illustration, fueled by the technical innovations of graphic artists and the rising demand of style-conscious consumers.Godey’s Lady’s Bookand other periodicals promoted color fashion lithographs and engravings as a branch of American art and a tool to cultivate American taste and refinement. Research drawing from primary sources shows how fashion plates created a tension in visual culture between prints promoting fashion consumption for middle-class whites and satirizing it for the poor and for African Americans.

Over 1000 samples from cores and cutting from 37 wells from offshore South America have been investigated and have provided new insight into the evolution of the miogypsinids. For the first time Paleomiogypsina, a genus first described from the Late Oligocene of Japan, is reported from the Early Oligocene of the American province. One new genus, Americogypsina and 18 new species, Neorotalia sp. 1, Paleomiogypsina braziliana, P. americana, Americogypsina braziliana, A. americana, A. koutsoukosi, Miogypsinella elongata, Mlla matsumaria, Mlla sp. 1, Miogypsinoides praegunteri, Mdes sp. 1, Miogypsinodella braziliana, Miogypsina triangulata, M. americoprimitiva, Miolepidocyclina braziliana, Ml. sp. 1, Ml. sp. 2, Ml sp. 3 are described. The American, regional evolutionary lineages of the miogypsinids taxa are described, starting in the Early Oligocene and ending in the Early Miocene. Their phylogenetic lineages are similar to those of the Tethyan miogypsinids, however the stratigraphic ranges of the main genera and their species are different, as the American miogypsinids made their first appearance earlier than their morphologically similar Tethyan counterparts.

A set of 127 binary and multistate characters, weighted by the number of derived character states, degree of covariation, and level of homoplasy, was used in a cladistic analysis of type species representing 12 genera previously assigned to families Monticuliporidae and Mesotrypidae. The most parsimonious tree consisted of a 10-genus monophyletic crown group with the remaining two genera forming a basal paraphyletic stem group. The composition of the monticuliporid crown group is broadly similar to two earlier classifications while stem group membership matches the family Mesotrypidae. Phenetic groupings, based on overall morphological similarity, have memberships that are similar to those of clades but provide no means of determining the polarity of evolutionary relationships either within or between them. Finally, only the observed stratigraphic ranges of the type species of genera provide a statistically significant match with cladistic branching sequence, perhaps because current composite generic ranges reflect the mixing of species belonging to different genera. Based on cladogram topology, we propose the placement of all 12 genera into a single family Monticuliporidae.

Late Capitanian foraminifers are described from two cores taken by Amoco on the north side of the entrance of Dark Canyon. The Amoco #1 core (400ft) penetrates proximal forereef debris of the Tansill Formation and bottoms in massive Capitan reefal limestone. The Amoco #2 core (468ft) penetrates proximal backreef lagoonal deposits of the upper Yates Formation and the Tansill Formation. Foraminifers are very diverse and abundant in these cores. Based on the fusulinid distribution, the Codonofusiella extensa (upper part of the Yates Formation), Yabeina texana, Paradoxiella pratti and Reichelina lamarensis zones (lower and middle Tansill Formation) are present in the Amoco #2 core. Among small foraminifers, the first appearance of the genera Sengoerina and Crescentia are recorded at the base of the Y. texana Zone and they disappear at the top of the P. pratti Zone. The genus Baisalina appears at the base of the R. lamarensis Zone and disappears at the top of that zone. The Ocotillo Silt Member and upper dolomitized part of the Tansill Formation do not contain foraminifers. The Ocotillo Silt Member is present in the Amoco #2 core at a depth of from 88 to 112ft and, because of its regional dip of approximately six degrees, would possibly project below the base of the Amoco #1 core, thus correlating the Capitan and Tansill formations in the Amoco #1 core with the upper Tansill Formation of the Amoco #2 core. The lower part of the Amoco #1 core (from 110 to 370ft) contains fusulinacean species of the Paraboultonia splendens Zone. The assemblage of small foraminifers is dominated by species of nodosariids and hemigordiopsids. Four new genera and sixteen new species of foraminifers are described from both cores.

Troughed conodonts of the late Desmoinesian genus Swadelina are common in the C27(M) Suite (upper Moscovian, middle Pennsylvanian) in the Donets Basin, Ukraine. The youngest species, Swadelina sp. 1, is very similar to Swadelina nodocarinata (Jones). It was found for the first time in the uppermost part of the C27(M) Suite in the Gurkova Valley section. Two older troughed late Moscovian (early Desmoinesian) species, known as Streptognathodus dissectus Kossenko and S. concinnus Kossenko, are herein assigned to Swadelina on the basis of their similarities to this genus. They may have given rise to the American Desmoinesian Sw. nodocarinata and Sw. neoshoensis Lambert, Heckel and Barrick via Swadelina sp. 1. Swadelina probably appeared earlier in Moscovian time in eastern Europe than in North America.

Embedding James Thomson's popular long poem The Seasons (1730) in the print cultural contexts of the 1780s and 1790s, the essay examines the text's extensive afterlife and studies different printed responses to the production. Specifically, it investigates, among a range of material culture spin-offs and visual adaptations, a selection of fine-printed editions (and their paratextual interpretation of Thomson's classic) targeted at middle-to upper-class consumers, the high-cultural furniture print of scenes from The Seasons by Angellica Kauffman, and the appropriation of Thomson's work by Thomas Stothard, one of the most popular book illustrators at the end of the eighteenth century, for two numbers of the ephemeral diary-cum-almanac, The Royal Engagement Pocket Atlas.

Five species of Maastrichtian-Paleocene benthic foraminifera from the James Ross Island region (Antarctic Peninsula) that were named by Huber (1988), including Neobulimina digitata, Cibicides seymouriensis, Ci. nordenskjoldi, Conorbina anderssoni, and Anomalinoides larseni, were associated with images of hypotype specimens deposited at The Orton Museum of Geology at the Ohio State University, but images of the designated holotypes deposited at the Smithsonian Institution (USNM) were not included in this publication.