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This paper examines how Korea’s Buddhist community accepted the ‘Imperial Way’ (J. kōdōshugi; K. hwangdojuui 皇道主義), the wartime ideology of the Japanese Empire, during the colonial period and how it supported and contributed to the war waged by the Japanese Empire. In the process, it analyzes the ways in which the Buddhist community transformed Buddhist theory in order to justify its collaboration with the Japanese war effort. In this paper, the Buddhist doctrinal basis of this wartime collaboration is examined regarding three of its core aspects. First, when the colonial Korean Buddhist community accepted the ideology of the ‘Imperial Way’ and advocated secularism, it did so by means of the logic of the ‘non-duality of the real and the conventional’ (K. jinsokbuli 眞俗不二). Second, when colonial era Korean Buddhism encouraged its own participation in the war, it regarded war as a site of practice that ‘transcends life and death’ and thus affirmed it. Third, the colonial Korean Buddhist community proposed the concept of ‘Buddhist totalitarianism’ (K. Bulgyo Jeonchejuui 佛敎全體主義) to inquire into a totality that transcends individuality in Buddhism. Accordingly, this paper’s goal is to examine how the Buddhist community in colonial Korea transformed Buddhist doctrine for non-Buddhist purposes in a particular historical situation where its cooperation in war was demanded. Additionally, as a starting point for discussion, this issue will also be explored in parallel with the logic of Japanese Buddhism’s war contributions at the time.

«Transición ecológica» es una expresión en disputa. La clase capitalista transnacional la utiliza como oportunidad de negocios, y opera en cumbres y reuniones relacionadas con el nuevo régimen político-climático junto a Gobiernos y organismos multilaterales. La transición que proponen es desigual y combinada; impacta de manera diferente en espacios, grupos y clases; reconfigura territorios en tanto surtidores de energía, alimentos y materias prima, y externaliza presiones sobre la naturaleza para retomar la acumulación de capital. Se instala como nuevo consenso, con su horizonte de espacio vital y los caminos para alcanzarlo en disputa entre distintos pactos verdes y alternativas antisistema. Como casos se exponen los circuitos de acumulación orientados a materiales y energías de transición, las condiciones de producción y reproducción social, la adaptación del Estado al consenso de la transición y sus consecuencias en la reconfiguración de nuevos territorios de acumulación en el Sur global, en particular en Argentina. The ecological transition is a term in dispute. The transnational capitalist class uses it as a business opportunity and operates in summits and meetings related to the new political-climatic regime together with governments and multilateral organizations. The transition they propose is unequal and combined, It unevenly impacts spaces, groups and classes, reconfigures territories as suppliers of energy, food and raw materials and externalizes pressures on nature to resume capital accumulation. It is installed as a new consensus, with its horizon of vital space and the roads to reach it in dispute between different green pacts and anti -system alternatives. As cases, the accumulation circuits oriented to transition materials and energies, the conditions of social production and reproduction, the adaptation of the State to the consensus of the transition and its consequences in the reconfiguration of new territories of accumulation in the Global South, in particular in Argentina.

This chapter contains sections titled: Shintō and the Japanese Imperial System Nonaka's Manifesto Conclusion References

Given limits of time and space, I offer here an appraisal of what I see to be an important new trend: a number of scholars across disciplines and generations have taken what we have learned from the era of deconstructionist cultural analysis in the past twenty-five years and inaugurated an era of “reconstruction.” Some have moved beyond the “cultural turn” to consider how cultural forms of power interact with other forms of power—social, economic, political. They are finding new answers to the question, “How did colonialism matter?” Others have taken the next step, to reconstruct a new language of historical analysis free from Eurocentric assumptions of difference and superiority.

Ever since the great wave of European overseas colonization in the late 19th century, the notion of “imperialism” and the promotion of imperial projects has been a highly political one. Use of the term has been prompted for specific historical reasons and, usually, in response to debates which have arisen as a result of particular acts of imperial expansion. On some occasions, and generally when debates have been particularly intense, it has also encouraged the development of general theories designed to explain not just the drive for empire but also the dynamics of a world system in which an unequal distribution of economic and military power leads some nations to create empires based on the domination and control of others.

[...] perhaps this is a good thing, since it gives Ives a chance to distance himself somewhat from his subject, adding an important, one might say \"updated,\" aspect to the foundational critique provided by Ichikawa and Victoria. [...] Ives' argument for paying more attention to the empirical evidence of sangha-state interdependence stemming from the sixth century provides a refreshingly materialist perspective on an issue that, as with so many others in Buddhist studies, always risks lapsing into speculative idealism.

This chapter contains sections titled: Surveying Geography and Empire Geographical Impressionism Positioning Geography: Science Contra Exploration Geography, Practical Use and Power Debating Geography and Empire References

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Aristocratic Funeral of the Middle Republic (169 BCE ) Funerary Symbols in the Imperial City (211 CE ) A City of the Living and the Dead Further Reading

This chapter contains sections titled: Pre‐Republican Rome The Sixth Century and the Fall of the Monarchy The Beginnings of the Republic and Rome's Early Wars The Fourth Century and Roman Hegemony