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The subject of the article is related to the observation and analysis of changes in the values of terrain inclinations. They were created due to the occurrence of linear discontinuous deformations of the ground surface (ground steps) near and under the buildings, which were caused by underground operation of a hard coal. The paper analyses research material from 3 residential buildings, 20 measurement points and 5 linear deformations. The aim of the research is to attempt to determine the relationship between the geometric parameters of linear discontinuous surface deformation (the height of fault) and the values of terrain inclinations observed along its the horizontal, transverse and longitudinal axes. Studies have shown that appearance of a ground step with the height of 1 cm may result in an increase of the terrain inclination value by 0.26 mm/m. In the case of the occurrence of linear discontinuous deformations with height values of several centimetres, the increase in the terrain inclination can be almost 1 mm/m for each centimetre of its height.

Jinan 1 is the second quantum satellite in China, which was jointly developed by several institutes in China. Its goal is to provide worldwide quantum key distribution from space. Its advantages over satellite Mozi include inexpensiveness of development, light-weight payload, transportable tracking facilities, and so on. As of Nov. 14, 2024, Jinan 1 has been in operation in space for 2 years. In order to make it work safely and securely, there are two important factors to focus on, including orbit evolution and space safety assessment of Jinan 1. The main orbit elements for the satellite Jinan 1, including altitude, inclination eccentricity and inclination, were simulated and analyzed. In addition, based on professional software, the approaching events in space were predicted for Jinan 1 and other space objects. The object HIBER-3 is recommended for the ground mission control center to focus on, which frequently comes closer to satellite Jinan 1.

Existing studies lack experiments on the influence of tilt angle on BPV panel performance under identical ambient environmental conditions, particularly regarding the thermal performance. In this study, an outdoor experimental platform was built to explore the influence of different tilt angles on the thermal-electrical performance of a BPV panel in summer. The results show that the average temperature on the front side of the BPV panel first increases and then decreases as the tilt angle increases, while the average temperature on the rear side and the instantaneous electrical power continuously decrease. When irradiance reaches the maximum value of 903 W/m 2 during the experimental test, the electrical power of the BPV panel with a tilt angle of 12° reaches 403.5 W.

In this paper, the weighing method of large civil aircraft weighed on non-leveled platforms is studied, and how to correct the center of gravity (CG) of the aircraft when the pitch angle exists is discussed. By analyzing the moment balance relationship of the aircraft in the non-leveling state, a method for calculating the CG correction based on pitch angle is proposed. Taking a civil aircraft as an example, the calculation process of uncorrected CG and the calculation method of CG correction are introduced in detail, and the CG correction tables at different pitch angles are given to facilitate the application in actual weighing operations. The results show that the correction of the aircraft CG is closely related to the pitch angle, and the correction is within the actual acceptable range, which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the weighing of large civil aircraft.

Utilization of Archimedes screw pumps as water lifting pumps has become widespread in past decade due to frequent occurrences of floods in Malaysia. The problem of insufficient drainage in various urban areas exacerbates the impact of heavy rainfall, prompting efforts to mitigate this issue with minimal maintenance cost and low impact to the environment. Thus, this study is aiming to study the design parameters of screw pump to obtain the optimal efficiency of the Archimedes screw pump specifically for flood mitigation in Malaysia. The main design parameters affecting pump’s efficiency are rotor profile, pitch length, length of the pump, rotational speed, inclination angle, and material selection. However, only three design parameters were considered in the study, that are the angle of inclination, the number of blades, and the angular velocity of the rotating pump. These three design parameters are selected as many previous findings focusing on varying angle of inclination with number of blades with constant rotational speed. Thus, this study will find the highest efficiency when these three design parameters are integrated with variation of rotational speeds at 25, 30 and 40 RPM. Basically, screw pump is designed using SOLIDWORKS and simulations with specific boundary conditions are conducted using the ANSYS-CFX software, which utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. These boundary conditions are based on previous study by Rosly et al in 2016. The inlet flow rate of 0.002 m 3 /s and diameter of the screw pump are constant while the other three main parameters are varying within the acceptable ranges which are reported from prior studies. The outcomes found that the highest torque is generated by a single rotating blade at 5.65 Nm which rotates at 30 RPM at 30° angle of inclination. Meanwhile, the highest efficiency of 24.04% is obtained with a single rotating blade at 40 RPM with 20° angle of inclination. Based on the findings, it is concluded that these three main design parameters of screw pump may not be sufficient to obtain the optimal efficiency for the specific boundary conditions used in the simulation study. Thus, several combinations of design parameters should be considered in the future to increase the screw pump’s efficiency.

Sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) in the far-red region provides a new noninvasive measurement approach that has the potential to quantify dynamic changes in light-use efficiency and gross primary production (GPP). However, the mechanistic link between GPP and SIF is not completely understood. We analyzed the structural and functional factors controlling the emission of SIF at 760 nm (F760) in a Mediterranean grassland manipulated with nutrient addition of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) or nitrogen–phosphorous (NP). Using the soil–canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy (SCOPE) model, we investigated how nutrient-induced changes in canopy structure (i.e. changes in plant forms abundance that influence leaf inclination distribution function, LIDF) and functional traits (e.g. N content in dry mass of leaves, N%, Chlorophyll a+b concentration (Cab) and maximum carboxylation capacity (V cmax)) affected the observed linear relationship between F760 and GPP. We conclude that the addition of nutrients imposed a change in the abundance of different plant forms and biochemistry of the canopy that controls F760. Changes in canopy structure mainly control the GPP–F760 relationship, with a secondary effect of Cab and V cmax. In order to exploit F760 data to model GPP at the global/regional scale, canopy structural variability, biodiversity and functional traits are important factors that have to be considered.

By studying the edge-workpiece engagement (EWE), and taking two inclination (lead and tilt) angles into account, the time-varying cutting areas and boundaries are determined, the instantaneous numerical chip thickness (NCT) within different EWEs at each point of the edge curve during the milling process of the ball end milling tool is solved, and the milling force and stability are calculated. The milling force and SLD of the model in this paper (NCT-EWE model) and the model in the literature (Altintas and Otzurk model) are compared. It is verified that the algorithm adopted in this paper has higher accuracy, and the algorithm is simple and fast. In addition, it is found that increasing the lead and tilt angles can reduce the milling force and improve the stability, and the free vibration in the stable region decreases gradually, while in the non-stable region, it increases. The algorithm in this paper has certain theoretical and application value for five-axis milling.

As one of the components of the automobile chassis structure, the suspension is an important indicator for judging the stability of automobile driving and handling. In order to further clarify the dynamic characteristics of the suspension system and improve the smoothness and stability of automobile driving, we take MacPherson suspension as the research object, establish the suspension model, analyze its structural characteristics and working principle, and establish its virtual simulation model according to the hard point coordinate parameters before and after optimization, and compare and analyze the wheel front beam angle and camber angle, kingpin caster angle and kingpin inclination angle and other wheel positioning parameters with the wheel hop in the model before and after optimization in the change of ±50 mm of the parallelism of the two wheels. The change rule of wheel positioning parameters, such as the wheel front beam angle, camber angle, main pin rearward tilt angle, and inner tilt angle, with the amount of wheel hopping is compared and analyzed. The results show that, without affecting the wheel camber, the main pin camber angle decreases by about 6.8 %, the main pin camber angle decreases by about 7 %, the wheel front beam angle variation range decreases by about 26.5 %, and the variation intervals of each wheel positioning parameter are in the range of ideal intervals, and the purpose of improving the performance of MacPherson suspension can be achieved.

Spatial cracks may occur in the gear tooth fillet region due to the presence of non-uniform load distribution, local non-homogeneity of material quality, and potential misalignment of gear shafts and bearings, among other things. Previous researchers have discussed the tooth plastic inclination deformation due to a uniform depth planar crack. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the non-uniform depth spatial crack has not been included in previous analyses. This paper presents a tooth plastic inclination model to analytically calculate the three-dimensional distributions of tooth plastic deformations due to spatial cracks based on the slicing principle. In addition, their influence on the dynamic performance of a spur gear pair was studied by building six-degrees-of-freedom model. The simulated results reveal that the non-uniformity of the crack depth along the tooth width direction could lead to uneven dynamic load distributions on the cracked tooth flank, which may excite a tilting motion of the gears. The larger the tooth plastic inclination angle, the higher the amplitude of the tilting motion that would be excited.

The space-tracking ship’s inertial navigation system (INS) is required to have high attitude accuracy. The attitude fluctuation caused by the inclination of the rotating shaft is one of the major factors decreasing the attitude accuracy of single-axis rotational INS. At present, the calibration of shaft inclination angles is mostly carried out under static conditions, and the calibration of shaft inclination angles under ship mooring or sailing conditions is a practical problem to be solved. This paper proposes a dynamic self-calibration method for the shaft inclination angles of the shipborne RINS, deduces the mathematical relationship between the shaft inclination and the attitude difference of different RINS, and establishes the shaft inclination calibration and compensation model. The experiment shows that the method can effectively estimate and compensate the rotor inclination under the dynamic conditions at sea, and the repeatability of the self-calibration results of the shaft inclination between different RINSs is better 0.1″, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the RINS attitude output.