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"Inclined planes"
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Inclined planes in action
Introduces inclined planes, including how they function and how they are used in everyday objects to make life easier.
Book
Designing INS/GNSS integrated navigation systems by using IPO algorithms
The application of soft computing techniques can be largely found in engineering sciences. These include the design and optimization of navigation systems for use in land, sea, and air transportation systems. In this paper, an attempt is made to leverage on novel metaheuristic optimization approaches for designing integrated navigation systems. For this purpose, a simplified version of the inclined planes system optimization (called SIPO) algorithm alongside its two standard and modified versions are used in comparison with the two conventional methods of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. Considerations are made on an INS/GNSS problem with IMU MEMS modules. Outputs are presented in terms of statistical and performance indicators, such as runtime, fitness, convergence, navigation accuracy (velocity, latitude, longitude, altitude, roll, pitch, yaw), and routing along with the ranking of algorithms. Competitive performance and relative superiority of the standard IPO over other methods in evaluating results have been confirmed. So that compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms (GA, PSO, IPO, and MIPO), the best runtime rank with a value of 6/4 by SIPO and the best performance rank of fitness, navigation accuracy for the two assumed IMU modules, and the total rank with values of 4/4, 149/60, 165/60, and 332/128 obtained by IPO, respectively.
Journal Article
A new approach to multi-objective optimization of a tapered matrix distributed amplifier for UWB applications
Using of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology in radio transceiver systems has increased in recent years due to high-speed data transmission, low power dissipation, low cost, and low complexity. In particular, distributed amplifier (DA) is a critical component of transceiver in UWB technology. However, designing an ultra-wideband DA with high performance becomes challenging. The DA design suffers from the tight trade-offs between the amplifier parameters such as gain, noise, linearity, input/output impedance matching, and power dissipation. In this paper, a new approach for multi-objective optimization of the DA is introduced. In the proposed approach, the meta-heuristic optimization techniques are applied over the entire bandwidth of the UWB, while the most recent optimization approaches for amplifiers are performed at the center frequency and they can’t achieve the proper design specifications for wideband amplifiers. The simultaneous optimization of power gain (
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), noise figure (NF), input and output return loss (
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and
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) are conducted over the wide bandwidth using three multi-objective optimization algorithms including Multi-Objective Inclined Planes System Optimization (MOIPO), Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). The obtained results demonstrate the tapered matrix DA optimized by MOIPO exhibits better performance than others. The circuit simulations are performed in 0.18 µm TSMC RF-CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the optimized tapered matrix DA by MOIPO, compared to NSGA-II and MOPSO, exhibits a good performance over the frequency band of 0.1–28 GHz with maximum
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of 12.9 dB, NF less than 5.9 dB,
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and
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below than − 10 dB over the whole frequency band. The DC power dissipation is 25 mW from a 1.5 V supply.
Journal Article
Inclined planes at work
\"Describes inclined planes, including the history, function, and everyday uses.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Improved inclined plane optimization-based FLC design for reference tracking in maglev system: experimental study
This paper puts forward improved inclined plane optimization (IIPO) algorithm to design fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for reference tracking in a magnetic levitation (maglev) system. Maglev system plays a major role in contactless tracking and propelling objects. This leverages on the principle of electromagnetism and is highly nonlinear in nature. Hence, implementing FLC for maglev system will play a significant part in excluding sub-optimal results generated due to the bode sensitivity integral problem. The highly nonlinear nature of maglev system is proposed to be controlled by IIPO-based FLC design. The motivations for IIPO-based FLC over simple IPO-based FLC are (1) improved convergence performance, (2) reduced control complexity in achieving optimal results, and (3) simplified algorithm mechanism. Hence, IIPO algorithm is used to tune normalization and denormalization factors of FLC for precise reference tracking. The performance of the proposed control scheme is validated experimentally for step, square, sine, and sawtooth reference signal. The results show that the proposed control scheme reduces the integral square error (ISE) values by approximately 90% compared to simple IPO-based FLC, demonstrating precise and stable reference tracking. This translates into reduced oscillations and faster stabilization. The key metrics of the analysis include ISE, integral time square error, integral absolute error, integral time absolute error, and root mean square error, which confirms the superiority of the proposed IIPO-based FLC design. The drastic improvements in all the error metrics showcase the robustness, efficiency, and adaptability to varying reference signals. Its ability to maintain high accuracy and low error metrics highlights the advantage of the proposed IIPO-based FLC design in a wide range of operational scenarios, in comparison with the state-of-the-art techniques.
Journal Article
Working with inclined planes
Inclined planes make difficult moving jobs much easier. They are used to move objects from a lower place to a higher place or vice versa without having to lift that object vertically. We can slide the object up or down the inclined plane to use less force. Inclined planes are all around us and have been used for thousands of years. In this book, readers will learn about the parts of an inclined plan, why they're beneficial, and where they can be found in our everyday lives-- Provided by publisher.
Book
IIR model identification using a modified inclined planes system optimization algorithm
Inclined planes system optimization (IPO) is a new optimization algorithm inspired by the sliding motion dynamic along a frictionless inclined surface. In this paper, with the aim of create a powerful trade-off between the concepts of exploitation and exploration, and rectify the complexity of their structural parameters in the standard IPO, a modified version of IPO (called MIPO) is introduced as an efficient optimization algorithm for digital infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filters model identification. The IIR model identification is a complex and practical challenging problem due to multimodal error surface entanglement that many researches have been reported for it. In this work, MIPO utilizes an appropriate mechanism based on the executive steps of algorithm with the constant damp factors. To do this, unknown filter parameters are considered as a vector to be optimized. In implementation, at first, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, 10 well-known benchmark functions have been considered for evaluating and testing. In addition, statistical analysis on the powerfulness, efficiency and applicability of the MIPO algorithm are presented. Obtained results in compared to some other popular methods, confirm the efficiency of the MIPO algorithm that makes the best optimal solutions and has a better performance and acceptable solutions.
Journal Article
Experimental study on tribological properties of PTFE and glass reinforced PTFE-C15 for skid transport of heavy structures
Efficient transportation requires minimal frictional resistance. Skidding has become an alternative method of transporting heavy structures in recent years. The static coefficient of friction plays an important role in determining whether the piston force in the thrust direction is sufficient to counteract the horizontal frictional force caused by the structure’s weight. This study aimed to determine various static coefficient of friction values for PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) and glass-reinforced PTFE-C15 materials on steel skids. The research presents the influence of lubrication and the reduction of surface roughness on the static coefficient of friction. We designed six combinations of experiments for 10 repetitions for PTFE and PTFE-C15 under dry, oiled, and oil lubrication with added weight conditions. An inclined plane method was used to investigate and compare the coefficients of friction values of pure PTFE and glass-reinforced PTFE-C15 materials on a steel surface. The steel surface roughness was reduced by grinding to an average Ra value of 2.8 to minimize adhesion, which created a vacuum effect during the test. The application of added weight onto the specimens overcame the vacuum effect. PTFE-C15 in oil lubrication with added weight demonstrated the lowest coefficient of friction. However, it is noteworthy that pure PTFE had better performance than PTFE-C15 when both were oil-lubricated. These results provide essential data for precise engineering calculations to determine the required piston force and total number of pistons for loading heavy structures.
Journal Article