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This chapter illustrates the New Model Army's religious and political character. It looks at the strife surrounding its creation and its early reputation for religious radicalism. Right from the start, the New Model had been called ‘the Independent Army’. The chapter also examines Colonel Edward Massie's Western Brigade, noting that there had long been friction between the brigade and the New Model. The superior discipline of the New Model proved to be a telling factor in the Commons' decision to preserve it at the expense of Massie's brigade. It then emphasizes that the survival of the New Model was due to the superior strength of the parliamentary Independents, against the Presbyterians led by Essex and Holles. As with most political victories, the triumph of the Independents over the party of Essex and Holles was not a clean one. The chapter discusses the imminent departure of the Scots, and the Presbyterian triumph in London. It also considers the imminent extinction of the New Model, and analyses the arguments over whether or when to invade London, how to treat with the king, and whether to impose a constitutional settlement on England.

Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with the poorest health status and the health services utilization is generally low with different patterns in different regions of the country. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess utilization of modern health services and associated factors in Dessie, Ethiopia. A cross sectional study design was employed from January to March, 2015 in Dessie City. The total sample was 420 adults. Adults were selected by stratified random sampling. The strata were made using residence as urban and rural residents. The data was collected using pre-tested, interviewer administered questionnaire. The data was entered into Epi infoTM7 software and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 Software for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate independent effect of each variable on modern health service utilization by controlling the effect of others. The strength of association between dependent variable and independent variables was expressed by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The overall modern health services utilization rate was 41.8%. Being Female sex, annual income greater than poverty line, poor perception of health status, high perceived severity of illness, two or more than two number of illnesses in the last 12 months prior to the survey and presence of chronic health problem were found to have a significant association with utilization of modern health services. Modern health services utilization was found to be low. Being female sex, annual income above poverty line, having poor perceived health status, having two or more than two illnesses, severe perceived severity of illness and having chronic health problem were found to have a statistically significant association with utilization. Therefore, efforts have to be made to increase utilization of modern health services through establishing systems like health extension workers and health development army.

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Bringing alive a remarkable moment in American cultural history, Scott MacDonald tells the colorful story of how a small, backyard organization in the San Francisco Bay Area emerged in the 1960s and evolved to become a major force in the development of independent cinema. Drawing from extensive conversations with men and women crucial to Canyon Cinema, from its newsletter Canyon Cinemanews, and from other key sources, MacDonald offers a lively chronicle of the life and times of this influential, idiosyncratic film exhibition and distribution collective. His book features many primary documents that are as engaging and relevant now as they were when originally published, including essays, poetry, experimental writing, and drawings.

The increasing rate of global solid waste generation is startling. This is exacerbating the challenge of decreasing solid waste generation to reduce disposal in landfills. U.S. Army installations offer a unique qualitative and quantitative dataset across a span of geographical locations. Modeling prediction capability of dining facility (DFAC) solid waste streams using data from 11 Army installations was investigated to demonstrate aggregate building and material type generation forecasting. Solid waste generation data were collected, quantified, and categorized for diversion potential (e.g., source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, etc.) of materials currently landfilled. Over one week, samples from one day of DFAC operations were collected for each installation. Materials from the samples were manually separated into 22 categories, weighed, and recorded. Results identified many solid waste stream materials with diversion potential. Five material types were down selected to construct and validate the linear regression model. The material types down selection was based on available data robustness and applicability beyond military contexts. A linear regression model was constructed for five material and building type combinations to avoid multiplication factor errors of coefficients for each independent variable. Results were statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) for four of five modeling combination predictions. These results demonstrate the unique capability of predicting solid waste generation for the four statistically significant model combinations. Each of the four statistically significant model combinations differed in adjusted R2 values, ranging from 0.988 to 0.996. This study provides five linear regression model combinations with predictive power that could reduce the labor- and cost-intensive process of characterizing waste streams while increasing data availability across the continental U.S. to focus targeted source reduction efforts for dining settings.Article highlightsU.S. Army installation data provides relevant case study to increase understanding of solid waste generation profiles and the challenges posed to increased solid waste diversion.5 unique models and a dataset demonstrating the ability to target recyclable and compostable materials usually sent to landfill for increased diversion and reduced costs.Demonstrated capability to model solid waste generation at aggregate building and material levels could decrease costs while increasing targeted reduction and diversion efforts across geographies.

Tras las guerras de Italia del siglo XVIII (1717-1748), la fuerza extranjera en el ejército borbónico, que había sido una parte sustancial del mismo desde comienzos de siglo, experimentó un complejo proceso de reforma, cambio y continuidad. Además de los regimientos «de nación», existieron también compañías sueltas o francas de extranjeros. A pesar de que no tuvieron un papel significativo dentro del ejército, parece relevante poner su existencia en perspectiva considerando que su planteamiento no obedeció exclusivamente a criterios circunstanciales o militares, sino también políticos, dentro de un proceso estructural mayor que combinó tres realidades: la redefinición del papel de los regimientos extranjeros en el ejército, el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades puntuales para reclutar soldados de otros países y la exploración de sistemas de reclutamiento fuera de la Península. Por ello, en esta investigación analizamos las razones para la creación de las compañías sueltas existentes entre 1753 y 1760, así como su proceso de formación y funcionalidad, que varió desde una fuerza auxiliar para guarnición de plazas hasta su proyección final como tropa de reserva en regimientos extranjeros o piquetes enviados para la defensa de América. After the Italian Wars of the 18th century (1717-1748), the foreign contingent within the Spanish army—previously a substantial component—underwent a complex process of reform, adaptation, and continuity that redefined its role. Alongside the foreign regiments, there were also so-called free foreign companies. Although they did not play a significant role within the army, it seems relevant to put them in context, taking into account their origins were not exclusively based on circumstantial or military criteria, but also on political ones, in a process that combined three realities: the new role of foreign regiments, the specific opportunities to recruit soldiers from other countries and the exploration of recruitment systems outside the Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, this research focuses on the reasons for creating independent companies between 1753 and 1760 and their evolution and functionality, which ranged from an auxiliary force for garrisons to reserve troops for foreign regiments or pickets for Spanish America defenses.

Living arrangements, social status, and perceived freedom may have a powerful effect on women’s satisfaction with life. Perceptions of satisfaction were studied by testing these independent variables: living arrangements (living with in-laws vs. separately) and social status (being married to army officer vs. civilian), with the dependent variables of perceived freedom and satisfaction with life. The sample comprised 104 women (age = 32.36, SD = 6.59) married to civilians (51%) and army officers (48%) in Lahore, Pakistan. Women married to army officers and not sharing with in-laws were more likely to indicate a higher level of freedom and satisfaction compared to women married to civilians and living with in-laws. Further, a mediational analysis revealed that the effect of living arrangements on satisfaction was mediated by womens’ reported freedom.