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"Indians of South America Europe History."
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On savage shores : how Indigenous Americans discovered Europe
We have long been taught to presume that modern global history began when the 'Old World' encountered the 'New', when Christopher Columbus 'discovered' America in 1492. But, as Caroline Dodds Pennock conclusively shows in this groundbreaking book, for tens of thousands of Aztecs, Maya, Totonacs, Inuit and others - enslaved people, diplomats, explorers, servants, traders - the reverse was true: they discovered Europe. For them, Europe comprised savage shores, a land of riches and marvels, yet perplexing for its brutal disparities of wealth and quality of life, and its baffling beliefs. The story of these Indigenous Americans abroad is a story of abduction, loss, cultural appropriation, and, as they saw it, of apocalypse - a story that has largely been absent from our collective imagination of the times. From the Brazilian king who met Henry VIII to the Aztecs who mocked up human sacrifice at the court of Charles V; from the Inuk baby who was put on show in a London pub to the mestizo children of Spaniards who returned 'home' with their fathers; from the Inuit who harpooned ducks on the Avon river to the many servants employed by Europeans of every rank: here are a people who were rendered exotic, demeaned, and marginalised, but whose worldviews and cultures had a profound impact on European civilisation. Drawing on their surviving literature and poetry and subtly layering European eyewitness accounts against the grain, Pennock gives us a sweeping account of the Indigenous American presence in, and impact on, early modern Europe. -- Provided by publisher.
Book
The imbalance of power
The Imbalance of Power demonstrates that the indigenous societies of the Guiana region of Amazonia do not fit conventional characterizations of 'simple' political units with 'egalitarian' political ideologies and 'harmonious' relationships with nature.
eBook
The mark of rebels : indios fronterizos and Mexican independence
\"This work explores social and cultural transformations among the indigenous communities of western Mexico, especially the indios fronterizos (Frontier Indians), preceding and during the struggle for independence\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Violent First Contact in Venezuela
Published in 1557, Nikolaus Federmann's Jndianische
Historia is a fascinating narrative describing the German
military commander's incursion into what is now Venezuela. Designed
not only for classroom use but also for the use of scholars, this
English translation is accompanied by a critical introduction that
contextualizes Federmann's firsthand account within the broader
Spanish colonial system.
Having gained the rights to colonize Venezuela from the Spanish
Crown in 1528, the Welser merchant house of Augsburg, Germany, sent
mercenaries, settlers, and miners to set up colonial structures.
The venture never turned a profit, and operations ceased in 1546
after two Welser officials were murdered. Federmann's text gives an
account of his foray into the interior of Venezuela in 1530-31. It
describes violent first contact with Indigenous peoples as well as
Federmann's communication strategies, how he managed to prevail in
hostile terrain, and how he related to other agents of the
conquests. It also documents his unwavering belief in the intrinsic
preeminence of European Christians and, ultimately, in the
righteousness of his mission.
The only detailed record of this incursion, Federmann's text
adds a unique and important perspective to our understanding of
first colonial contact on the Caribbean coast of South America. It
provides insight into the first-contact dynamic, the techniques of
subjugation and dominance, and the web of diverging interests among
stakeholders. This volume will be a valuable resource for courses
and for scholarship on conquest and colonialism in Latin
America.
eBook
Native American gene flow into Polynesia predating Easter Island settlement
The possibility of voyaging contact between prehistoric Polynesian and Native American populations has long intrigued researchers. Proponents have pointed to the existence of New World crops, such as the sweet potato and bottle gourd, in the Polynesian archaeological record, but nowhere else outside the pre-Columbian Americas
1
–
6
, while critics have argued that these botanical dispersals need not have been human mediated
7
. The Norwegian explorer Thor Heyerdahl controversially suggested that prehistoric South American populations had an important role in the settlement of east Polynesia and particularly of Easter Island (Rapa Nui)
2
. Several limited molecular genetic studies have reached opposing conclusions, and the possibility continues to be as hotly contested today as it was when first suggested
8
–
12
. Here we analyse genome-wide variation in individuals from islands across Polynesia for signs of Native American admixture, analysing 807 individuals from 17 island populations and 15 Pacific coast Native American groups. We find conclusive evidence for prehistoric contact of Polynesian individuals with Native American individuals (around
ad
1200) contemporaneous with the settlement of remote Oceania
13
–
15
. Our analyses suggest strongly that a single contact event occurred in eastern Polynesia, before the settlement of Rapa Nui, between Polynesian individuals and a Native American group most closely related to the indigenous inhabitants of present-day Colombia.
Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.
Journal Article
Nature and culture in the early modern Atlantic
In the sixteenth-century Atlantic world, nature and culture swirled in people's minds to produce fantastic images. In the South of France, a cloister's painted wooden panels greeted parishioners with vivid depictions of unicorns, dragons, and centaurs, while Mayans in the Yucatan created openings to buildings that resembled a fierce animal's jaws, known to archaeologists as serpent-column portals.
In Nature and Culture in the Early Modern Atlantic , historian Peter C. Mancall reveals how Europeans and Native Americans thought about a natural world undergoing rapid change in the century following the historic voyages of Christopher Columbus. Through innovative use of oral history and folklore maintained for centuries by Native Americans, as well as original use of spectacular manuscript atlases, paintings that depict on-the-spot European representations of nature, and texts that circulated imperfectly across the ocean, he reveals how the encounter between the old world and the new changed the fate of millions of individuals.
This inspired work of Atlantic, European, and American history begins with medieval concepts of nature and ends in an age when the printed book became the primary avenue for the dissemination of scientific information. Throughout the sixteenth century, the borders between the natural world and the supernatural were more porous than modern readers might realize. Native Americans and Europeans alike thought about monsters, spirits, and insects in considerable depth. In Mancall's vivid narrative, the modern world emerged as a result of the myriad encounters between peoples who inhabited the Atlantic basin in this period. The centuries that followed can be comprehended only by exploring how culture in its many forms—stories, paintings, books—shaped human understanding of the natural world.
eBook
Converging Worlds
Providing a survey of colonial American history both regionally broad and \"Atlantic\" in coverage, Converging Worlds presents the most recent research in an accessible manner for undergraduate students.
With chapters written by top-notch scholars, Converging Worlds is unique in providing not only a comprehensive chronological approach to colonial history with attention to thematic details, but a window into the relevant historiography. Each historian also selected several documents to accompany their chapter, found in the companion primary source reader.
Converging Worlds: Communities and Cultures in Colonial America includes:
timelines tailored for every chapter
chapter summaries
discussion questions
lists of further reading, introducing students to specialist literature
fifty illustrations.
Key topics discussed include:
French, Spanish, and Native American experiences
regional areas such as the Midwest and Southwest
religion including missions, witchcraft, and Protestants
the experience of women and families.
With its synthesis of both broad time periods and specific themes, Converging Worlds is ideal for students of the colonial period, and provides a fascinating glimpse into the diverse foundations of America.
For additional information and classroom resources please visit the Converging Worlds companion website at www.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415964999.
eBook
The Colonial Origins of the Divergence in the Americas: A Labor Market Approach
This article introduces the Americas in the Great Divergence debate by measuring real wages in various North and South American cities between colonization and independence, and comparing them to Europe and Asia. We find that for much of the period, North America was the most prosperous region of the world, while Latin America was much poorer. We then discuss a series of hypotheses that can explain these results, including migration, the demography of the American Indian populations, and the various labor systems implemented in the continent.
Journal Article
The return of Hans Staden : a go-between in the Atlantic world
Hans Staden's sixteenth-century account of shipwreck and captivity by the Tupinambá Indians of Brazil was an early modern bestseller. This retelling of the German sailor's eyewitness account known as the True History shows both why it was so popular at the time and why it remains an important tool for understanding the opening of the Atlantic world.
Eve M. Duffy and Alida C. Metcalf carefully reconstruct Staden's life as a German soldier, his two expeditions to the Americas, and his subsequent shipwreck, captivity, brush with cannibalism, escape, and return. The authors explore how these events and experiences were recreated in the text and images of the True History. Focusing on Staden's multiple roles as a go-between, Duffy and Metcalf address many of the issues that emerge when cultures come into contact and conflict.
An artful and accessible interpretation, The Return of Hans Staden takes a text best known for its sensational tale of cannibalism and shows how it can be reinterpreted as a window into the precariousness of lives on both sides of early modern encounters, when such issues as truth and lying, violence, religious belief, and cultural difference were key to the formation of the Atlantic world.
eBook
The History of the New World
The History of the New World is an abridged, unique English translation of sixteenth-century Italian merchant Girolamo Benzoni's popular account of his adventures in the Americas and the Spanish colonies.
First published in Venice in 1565, Benzoni's book was an immediate best seller and available in at least five languages before the end of the century. It spanned the years 1541–56, providing detailed descriptions of native flora and fauna, exciting narration of harrowing exploits, and a surprisingly critical perspective on the expanding Spanish Empire's methods of conquest and governance, in which Benzoni highlighted the struggles of indigenous peoples. This edition follows the three-book structure of the original account but focuses on Benzoni's own experiences, omitting episodes to which he was not a witness and excising repetition and hyperbolic hearsay.
The first English-language version published since 1847, this volume includes an informative introduction and annotations that situate Benzoni and his fascinating writings in the larger context of Spanish colonial conquest. Perfect for classroom use, this is a lively, vivid firsthand account of the adventure and wonder of the New World.
eBook