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The individualization of Chinese society
\"Chinese society has seen phenomenal change in the last 30 years. Two of the most profound changes have been the rise of the individual in both public and private spheres and the consequent individualization of Chinese society itself. Yet, despite China's recent dramatic entrance into global politics and economics, neither of these significant shifts has been fully analyzed. China presents an alternative model of social transformation in the age of globalization, therfore its path to development may have particular implications for the developing world.The Individualization of Chinese Society reveals how individual agency has been on the rise since the 1970s and how this has impacted on everyday life and Chinese society more broadly. The book presents a wide range of detailed case studies focusing on the impact of economic policy, patterns of kinship, changes in marriage relations and the socio-economic position of women, the development of youth culture, the politics of consumerism, and shifting power relations in everyday life. Exploring the rise of the individual in both rural and urban settings, The Individualization of Chinese Society provides a detailed overview of this major social phenomenon and its wider implications\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Privatizing China
Everyday life in China is increasingly shaped by a novel mix of neoliberal and socialist elements, of individual choices and state objectives. This combination of self-determination and socialism from afar has incited profound changes in the ways individuals think and act in different spheres of society. Covering a vast range of daily life-from homeowner organizations and the users of Internet cafes to self-directed professionals and informed consumers-the essays inPrivatizing Chinacreate a compelling picture of the burgeoning awareness of self-governing within the postsocialist context.
The introduction by Aihwa Ong and Li Zhang presents assemblage as a concept for studying China as a unique postsocialist society created through interactions with global forms. The authors conduct their ethnographic fieldwork in a spectrum of domains-family, community, real estate, business, taxation, politics, labor, health, professions, religion, and consumption-that are infiltrated by new techniques of the self and yet also regulated by broader socialist norms.Privatizing Chinagives readers a grounded, fine-grained intimacy with the variety and complexity of everyday conduct in China's turbulent transformation.
eBook
Cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and individualism in modern China : the Chenbao fukan and the new culture era, 1918-1928
Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Individualism in Modern China analyzes important aspects of Chinese intellectual life and cultural practices that formed and informed the historical phenomenon known as the New Culture era.
eBook
Cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and individualism in modern China
Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and Individualism in Modern China analyzes important aspects of Chinese intellectual life and cultural practices that formed and informed the historical phenomenon known as the New Culture era. Through examining an influential newspaper supplement published in Beijing during 1918–1928, along with other contemporary sources, the book explores the full dimensions and rich textures of the intellectual-literary discourses of the time period and contributes to a re-consideration and re-appreciation of the New Culture phenomenon in modern China. It highlights a key intellectual-moral paradox in Chinese discourses between cosmopolitanism as an idealistic aspiration and nationalism as a practical imperative, both in complex relationship to individualism, a paradox that ultimately speaks to the constant negotiations between Chinese tradition and Western culture in the making of Chinese modernity. These issues have remained vitally relevant to China and the world nearly a century later.
eBook
Chinese culture became more individualistic: Evidence from family structure, 1953-2017 version 3; peer review: 2 approved
Previous research has indicated that some aspects of Chinese culture became more individualistic. However, prior studies have suggested a decrease in individualism in other aspects of China. Thus, it was unclear whether China became more individualistic. Therefore, the current research investigated whether Chinese culture became more individualistic by examining historical changes in family structure. Specifically, I analyzed temporal shifts in the divorce rate and household size, which have been confirmed as valid representative indicators of individualism. Results showed that the divorce rate increased between 1978 and 2017 and household size decreased between 1953 and 2017, indicating a rise in individualism. Moreover, analyses suggested that the one-child policy was unlikely the sole and major factor in the decrease in household size. Additionally, the aggregated score of divorce rate and household size demonstrated a clear increase in individualism. Therefore, the present research provided further evidence of the rise in individualism in China.
Journal Article
Peer Attachment and Cyber Aggression Involvement among Chinese, Indian, and Japanese Adolescents
Significant advancements have been made in cyber aggression literature, with many studies revealing the consequences associated with adolescents’ involvement in these behaviors. Few studies have focused on cyber aggression involvement in China, India, and Japan. The present study examined differences in cyber aggression perpetration and victimization among 1637 adolescents living in China, India, and Japan, while controlling for face-to-face bullying involvement, individualism, and collectivism. Another aim of the present study was to examine country of origin and cyber aggression involvement (i.e., the uninvolved, cyberaggressor-cybervictims, cyberaggressors, and cybervictims) differences in peer attachment. Findings revealed that adolescents from India had the highest levels of cyber aggression involvement when compared to adolescents from China or Japan. Chinese adolescents engaged in more cyber aggression perpetration and were victimized more by cyber aggression when compared to Japanese adolescents. No country of origin differences were found for peer attachment. However, uninvolved adolescents reported higher levels of peer attachment when compared to the other groups. Cyberaggressor-cybervictims had the lowest levels of peer attachment, followed by cybervictims and cyberaggressors. These results suggest that there should be concern about cyber aggression involvement among adolescents in these countries, especially in India, where cyber aggression research has been slow to develop.
Journal Article
Individualism and collectivism orientation and the correlates among Chinese college students
In this study we examine the individualism and collectivism (I-C) orientation among Chinese college students and explore predictive associations between I-C and other variables. Chinese college students (
N
= 2770) were randomly sampled and relevant psychological scales (I-Cs, SES, CES-D, MSPSS, PTM, etc.) were administered. Data were collected through paper and pencil questionnaire survey. It was found that high collectivism is significantly associated with strong social support and pro-social tendencies. On the other hand, depression and self-esteem which reflect individual differences in mental condition as predictors of individualism are significant. Chinese college students’ collectivism tendency is significantly related to the higher Chinese cultural identity, and lower Chinese cultural identity as a predictor of individualism tendency is significant. Utilitarian pro-social behavior has a significant positive impact on individualism. At the same time, a high degree of the attention to wealth strengthens individualism and weakens collectivism significantly. It shows that excessive pursuit of interests not only strengthens individualism but also weakens collectivism. By understanding the ideological situation of Chinese college students and exploring the related variables that have a significant relationship with collectivism and individualism, this study reveals the tendency of individualism and collectivism of Chinese college students and its influencing factors; At the same time, these findings contribute to the I-C literature with the data from Chinese culture.
Journal Article