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When Capitalists Collide
Robert Vitalis's empirically rich study challenges the left-nationalist paradigm through which twentieth-century Egyptian history and politics has generally been interpreted. He argues with those who explain Egyptian economic development primarily in terms of class and of power struggles between British and Egyptian entrepreneurs and politicians. Vitalis offers a rare, detailed view of the objectives and political strategies of both international firms and Egypt's own big business rivals. He highlights the career of Muhammad Ahmad 'Abbud, modern Egypt's most successful businessman. Vitalis's argument can be effectively applied to many other developing countries and his book makes a major contribution to ongoing debates regarding class, underdevelopment, and nationalism. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1995.
eBook
Development of China's financial supervision and regulation
China's financial regulatory system is crucial to the global economy, but is little understood. This book surveys and explicates the current status, the development, and planned reform of the Chinese financial supervision and regulatory system in a systematic way. From the shadow banking system to commercial banking, securities and the foreign exchange regime, the authors shed light on the different moving parts of the system; meanwhile, they show how reforms have changed the system in recent years, whether in free-trade zones, the Shanghai-Hong Kong stock market connection, or in the registration mechanisms required for new IPOs. The editors and authors are from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the China Banking Regulatory Committee, the China Securities Regulatory Committee and other leading academic and policy organizations.
Book
Managing the Commanding Heights
Revolutions have often occurred in poor countries. Although triumphant revolutionaries may lack the resources to assume complete responsibility for their country's economy, they do tend to nationalize what Lenin called the \"commanding heights\"--those enterprises that meet the strategic needs of the polity. How these enterprises are administered is consequential, and at times decisive, for the course of revolutionary change. In Managing the Commanding Heights, Forrest D. Colburn explores the Sandinistas' management of Nicaragua's state enterprises, with an emphasis on the critical agrarian sector. Central to the book are three lively and instructive case studies that provide a penetrating glimpse into life in post-revolutionary Nicaragua. In analyzing these cases, Colburn explains the intentions of the Sandinista elite and links them with choices made at individual enterprises. Colburn argues that state enterprises have been politically useful but economically unsuccessful. Even with the unseen political advantages of state enterprises, the pronounced financial losses of nationalized farms and factories exacerbate the economic--and ultimately political--vulnerability of a regime already weakened by counterrevolution. The evidence demonstrates trenchant limitations to a revolutionary state's capacity to improve popular welfare. State capacity is undermined by multiple factors: international constraints on the autonomy of post-revolutionary regimes, sheer poverty, the unintended but inevitable political manipulation of the economy, the lack of managerial ability among even well-intentioned elites, and a revolutionary mentalité that erodes rationality. These same difficulties have bedeviled other post-revolutionary regimes, notably those in Africa. Managing the Commanding Heights is essential reading for anyone interested in the dynamics
of revolutionary regimes and the possibilities for radical change in poor countries. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990.
eBook
Nigerian Capitalism
Following a surge in oil revenues in the 1970s, Nigeria became one of Africa's most rapidly developing nations. In Nigerian Capitalism, Sayre P. Schatz analyzes the country's political economy, assessing its position and proposing a development plan for the final quarter of the twentieth century. Referring to Nigeria's economic development strategy as \"nurture-capitalism,\" Sayre contrasts the role of private enterprise, which is expected to foster growth of the productive sector of the economy, with the government's role, which is to nurture the capitalist sector generally and to favor indigenous enterprise in particular. The author examines the development of Nigerian nurture-capitalism from 1949 to the launching of and early experience with the Third Plan (1975-80), with emphasis on the post-civil war 1970s. He then turns to an intensive study of indigenous business and possible impediments to the development of Nigerian private enterprise, analyzing the role of capital availability, entrepreneurship, and the economic environment. Sayre demonstrates that there are substantial divergences between private profitability and social utility and that there is an abundance of socially useful investment possibilities for indigenous businessmen. The author next turns to a study of the government business-assistance programs, and their economic, administrative, and political characteristics. Finally, he assesses the sources of successful investment and makes a case for enhanced socially useful investments. Comparing \"pragmatic developmentalism,\" \"pragmatic socialism,\" and \"thoroughgoing socialism,\" he proposes a pragmatic orientation that postpones ideological decisions as long as practicable. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the
brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1977.
eBook
Stateless commerce : the diamond network and the persistence of relational exchange
In Stateless Commerce, Barak Richman uses the diamond industry to explore how ethnic trading networks operate and why they persist in the twenty-first century. How, for example, does the Forty-Seventh Street diamond district in midtown Manhattan--surrounded by skyscrapers and sophisticated financial institutions--continue to thrive as an ethnic marketplace that operates like a traditional bazaar? Conventional models of economic and technological progress suggest that such primitive commercial networks would be displaced by new trading paradigms, yet in the heart of New York City the old world persists. Richman's explanation is deceptively simple. Far from being an anachronism, Forty-Seventh Street's ethnic enclave is an adaptive response to the unique pressures of the diamond industry. Ethnic trading networks survive because they better fulfill many functions usually performed by state institutions. While the modern world rests heavily on lawyers, courts, and state coercion, ethnic merchants regularly sell goods and services by relying solely on familiarity, trust, and community enforcement--what economists call \"relational exchange.\" These commercial networks insulate themselves from the outside world because the outside world cannot provide those assurances. Extending the framework of transactional cost and organizational economics, Stateless Commerce draws on rare insider interviews to explain why personal exchange succeeds, even as most global trade succumbs to the forces of modernization, and what it reveals about the limitations of the modern state in governing the economy.-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Boulevard of broken dreams
Silicon Valley, Singapore, Tel Aviv--the global hubs of entrepreneurial activity--all bear the marks of government investment. Yet, for every public intervention that spurs entrepreneurial activity, there are many failed efforts that waste untold billions in taxpayer dollars. When has governmental sponsorship succeeded in boosting growth, and when has it fallen terribly short? Should the government be involved in such undertakings at all?Boulevard of Broken Dreamsis the first extensive look at the ways governments have supported entrepreneurs and venture capitalists across decades and continents. Josh Lerner, one of the foremost experts in the field, provides valuable insights into why some public initiatives work while others are hobbled by pitfalls, and he offers suggestions for how public ventures should be implemented in the future.
Discussing the complex history of Silicon Valley and other pioneering centers of venture capital, Lerner uncovers the extent of government influence in prompting growth. He examines the public strategies used to advance new ventures, points to the challenges of these endeavors, and reveals the common flaws undermining far too many programs--poor design, a lack of understanding for the entrepreneurial process, and implementation problems. Lerner explains why governments cannot dictate how venture markets evolve, and why they must balance their positions as catalysts with an awareness of their limited ability to stimulate the entrepreneurial sector.
As governments worldwide seek to spur economic growth in ever more aggressive ways,Boulevard of Broken Dreamsoffers an important caution. The book argues for a careful approach to government support of entrepreneurial activities, so that the mistakes of earlier efforts are not repeated.
eBook
Indigenous-Industry Agreements, Natural Resources and the Law
This edited collection is an interdisciplinary and international collaborative book that critically investigates the growing phenomenon of Indigenous-industry agreements-agreements that are formed between Indigenous peoples and companies involved in the extractive natural resource industry. These agreements are growing in number and relevance, but there has yet to be a systematic study of their formation and implementation. This groundbreaking collection is situated within frameworks that critically analyze and navigate relationships between Indigenous peoples and the extraction of natural resources. These relationships generate important questions in the context of Indigenous-industry agreements in diverse resource-rich countries including Australia and Canada, and regions such as Africa and Latin America. Beyond domestic legal and political contexts, the collection also interprets, navigates, and deploys international instruments such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in order to fully comprehend the diverse expressions of Indigenous-industry agreements.
Indigenous-Industry Agreements, Natural Resources and the Law presents chapters that comprehensively review agreements between Indigenous peoples and extractive companies. It situates these agreements within the broader framework of domestic and international law and politics, which define and are defined by the relationships between Indigenous peoples, extractive companies, governments, and other actors. The book presents the latest state of knowledge and insights on the subject and will be of value to researchers, academics, practitioners, Indigenous communities, policymakers, and students interested in extractive industries, public international law, Indigenous rights, contracts, natural resources law, and environmental law.
eBook