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Anthropology of infectious disease
\"This book synthesizes the flourishing field of anthropology of infectious disease in a critical, biocultural framework. Leading medical anthropologist Merrill Singer holistically unites the behaviors of microorganisms and the activities of complex social systems, showing how we exist with pathogenic agents of disease in a complex process of co-evolution. He also connects human diseases to larger ecosystems and various other species that are future sources of new human infections. Anthropology of Infectious Disease integrates and advances research in this growing, multifaceted area and offers an ideal supplement to courses in anthropology, public health, development studies, and related fields\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Postexposure Doxycycline to Prevent Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections
In an open-label, randomized study involving men who have sex with men, doxycycline use after high-risk sexual exposure reduced the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis).
Journal Article
Long-Term Survival after Kidney Transplantation
This review discusses demographics, survival, and risks in kidney transplantation since the mid-1990s. It addresses postoperative events that impede long-term survival, as well as factors relevant to racial or ethnic minority recipients and health care coverage for immunosuppressive agents.
Journal Article
Efficacy and Safety of an mRNA-Based RSV PreF Vaccine in Older Adults
In a placebo-controlled, phase 2–3 trial, one dose of mRNA-1345 led to a lower incidence of RSV disease among adults 60 years of age or older. Solicited local and systemic adverse reactions occurred more often with the vaccine.
Journal Article
Efficacy of Antiviral Agents against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.2
The in vitro activity of monoclonal antibodies and antiviral agents was assessed against the sublineages of the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern omicron (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2). Variable activity of the monoclonal antibodies was observed.
Journal Article
Long Covid Defined
Long Covid DefinedMembers of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine describe the process and rationale for the development of the 2024 definition of persistent Covid-19 symptoms (long Covid).
Journal Article
Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries — April–June 2022
Before April 2022, monkeypox virus infection in humans was seldom reported outside African regions where it is endemic. Currently, cases are occurring worldwide. Transmission, risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes of infection are poorly defined.
We formed an international collaborative group of clinicians who contributed to an international case series to describe the presentation, clinical course, and outcomes of polymerase-chain-reaction-confirmed monkeypox virus infections.
We report 528 infections diagnosed between April 27 and June 24, 2022, at 43 sites in 16 countries. Overall, 98% of the persons with infection were gay or bisexual men, 75% were White, and 41% had human immunodeficiency virus infection; the median age was 38 years. Transmission was suspected to have occurred through sexual activity in 95% of the persons with infection. In this case series, 95% of the persons presented with a rash (with 64% having ≤10 lesions), 73% had anogenital lesions, and 41% had mucosal lesions (with 54 having a single genital lesion). Common systemic features preceding the rash included fever (62%), lethargy (41%), myalgia (31%), and headache (27%); lymphadenopathy was also common (reported in 56%). Concomitant sexually transmitted infections were reported in 109 of 377 persons (29%) who were tested. Among the 23 persons with a clear exposure history, the median incubation period was 7 days (range, 3 to 20). Monkeypox virus DNA was detected in 29 of the 32 persons in whom seminal fluid was analyzed. Antiviral treatment was given to 5% of the persons overall, and 70 (13%) were hospitalized; the reasons for hospitalization were pain management, mostly for severe anorectal pain (21 persons); soft-tissue superinfection (18); pharyngitis limiting oral intake (5); eye lesions (2); acute kidney injury (2); myocarditis (2); and infection-control purposes (13). No deaths were reported.
In this case series, monkeypox manifested with a variety of dermatologic and systemic clinical findings. The simultaneous identification of cases outside areas where monkeypox has traditionally been endemic highlights the need for rapid identification and diagnosis of cases to contain further community spread.
Journal Article
Doxycycline Prophylaxis to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women
Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis has been shown to prevent STIs in cisgender men and transgender women. In this trial involving cisgender women in Kenya, STI incidence was not lower with doxycycline than with standard care.
Journal Article
Bronchiectasis — A Clinical Review
Bronchiectasis — A Clinical ReviewThis article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of bronchiectasis, a syndrome of abnormal airways that results in chronic cough, sputum production, and respiratory impairment.
Journal Article
Climate Change and Vectorborne Diseases
Warming temperatures and changes in precipitation associated with climate change are affecting the occurrence of vectorborne diseases. Effective, equitable strategies are needed for vector control and disease management.
Journal Article