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"Inferiority complex"
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After defeat : how the East learned to live with the West
\"Not being of the West; being behind the West; not being modern enough; not being developed or industrialized, secular, civilized, Christian, transparent, or democratic - these descriptions have all served to stigmatize certain states through history. Drawing on constructivism as well as the insights of social theorists and philosophers, After Defeat demonstrates that stigmatization in international relations can lead to a sense of national shame, as well as auto-Orientalism and inferior status. Ayşe Zarakol argues that stigmatized states become extra-sensitive to concerns about status, and shape their foreign policy accordingly. The theoretical argument is supported by a detailed historical overview of central examples of the established/outsider dichotomy throughout the evolution of the modern states system, and in-depth studies of Turkey after the First World War, Japan after the Second World War, and Russia after the Cold War\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Soviet Self-Hatred
Soviet Self-Hatred examines
the imaginary Russian identities that emerged following the
collapse of the Soviet Union. Eliot Borenstein shows how
these identities are best understood as balanced on a simple axis
between pride and shame, shifting in response to Russia's standing
in the global community, its anxieties about internal dissension
and foreign threats, and its stark socioeconomic inequalities.
Through close readings of Russian fiction, films, jokes, songs,
fan culture, and Internet memes, Borenstein identifies and analyzes
four distinct types with which Russians identify or project onto
others. They are the sovok (the Soviet yokel); the New
Russian (the despised, ridiculous nouveau riche), the
vatnik (the belligerent, jingoistic patriot), and the Orc
(the ultraviolent savage derived from a deliberate misreading of
Tolkien's epic). Through these contested identities, Soviet
Self-Hatred shows how stories people tell about themselves
can, tragically, become the stories that others are forced to
live.
eBook
A study on the relationship between college students’ physical exercise and feelings of inferiority: The mediating effect of social support
This study explores the relationships among physical exercise, social support, and feelings of inferiority among college students, with a particular focus on the mediating role of social support. Using a sample of Chinese college students, the results demonstrate that physical exercise significantly reduces feelings of inferiority, both directly and indirectly through enhanced social support.
Pearson correlation analysis confirmed the positive correlation between physical exercise and social support, while also showing that both physical exercise and social support negatively correlate with feelings of inferiority. Structural equation modeling further supported the hypothesized relationships, revealing that the mediation pathway through social support accounted for 51.95% of the total effect. Additionally, multi-group invariance testing indicated that these relationships were consistent across genders, underscoring the universal applicability of the model.
The findings highlight the dual pathways through which physical exercise alleviates feelings of inferiority: by fostering personal competence and enhancing social resources.
This study emphasizes the importance of integrating physical exercise and social support, providing evidence-based intervention recommendations for improving students' mental health. By validating the dual-pathway model, the research offers theoretical support and practical significance for promoting students' mental health through physical exercise and social support.
Journal Article
Inferiority feelings and internet addiction among Turkish University students in the context of COVID-19: The mediating role of emotion dysregulation
Emotion dysregulation is a major predictor of increased internet addiction. However, the psychological experiences linked to increased internet addiction through higher emotion dysregulation are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate if inferiority feelings, an Adlerian construct theorized to be rooted in childhood, are associated with increased Internet addiction through emotion dysregulation. Another objective of the study was to determine if the internet use characteristics of young adults changed during the pandemic. A conceptual model was validated statistically using the PROCESS macro with a survey method involving 443 university students living in different regions of Turkey. The results support the significance of all three effects of inferiority feelings on internet addiction, namely the total (B = 0.30, CI = [0.24, 0.35]), the direct (B = 0.22, BootCI = [0.15, 0.29]), and the indirect (B = 0.08, BootCI = [0.04, 0.12]). In other words, inferiority feelings are associated with a greater level of internet addiction both directly and indirectly through greater emotion dysregulation. Moreover, the overall prevalence of Internet addiction was 45.8% among the participants and that of severe Internet addiction was 22.1%. Almost 90% of the participants reported an increase in their recreational Internet use during the pandemic, with an average daily increase of 2.58 h (SD = 1.49), the significance of which was supported by the
t
-test results. The results provide important insights for parents, practitioners, and researchers on addressing the internet addiction problem among young adults living in Turkey or other countries that are similar to Turkey.
Journal Article
Through the looking glass: understanding non-inferiority
Non-inferiority trials test whether a new product is not unacceptably worse than a product already in use. This paper introduces concepts related to non-inferiority, and discusses the regulatory views of both the European Medicines Agency and the United States Food and Drug Administration.
Journal Article
Mediating effects of self-presentational motives and recognition of differences in self-worth between reality and SNS on inferiority complex and SNS addiction of Korean adults
This study identified the relationship between inferiority complex and problematic social networking service (SNS) use, and examined the mediating effects of self-presentational motives and recognition of differences in self-worth between reality and SNS (RDSRS) on this relationship. The participants included 293 men and women aged 19 years or above who used SNS. The Inferiority Complex Scale, Self-Presentational Motivation Scale, a questionnaire measuring RDSRS, and the SNS Addiction Proneness Scale were used. To analyze the double-parallel mediating effect, PROCESS Macro 3.5 Model 4 was used. The results revealed that inferiority complex was positively correlated with self-presentational motives, RDSRS, and problematic SNS use. Self-presentational motives were positively correlated with RDSRS and problematic SNS use, while RDSRS was positively correlated with problematic SNS use. Additionally, self-presentational motives and RDSRS mediated inferiority complex and problematic SNS use. These findings suggest that self-presentational motives and RDSRS should be considered when mental health professionals treat problematic SNS use in individuals with high inferiority complex.
Journal Article
Two Routes to Emotional Memory: Distinct Neural Processes for Valence and Arousal
Prior investigations have demostrated that emotional information is often better remembered than neutral information, but they have not directly contrasted effects attributable to valence and those attributable to arousal. By using functional MRI and behavioral studies, we found that distinct cognitive and neural processes contribute to emotional memory enhancement for arousing information versus valenced, nonarousing information. The former depended on an amygdalar-hippocampal network, whereas the latter was supported by a prefrontal cortex-hippocampal network implicated in controlled encoding processes. A behavioral companion study, with a divided-attention paradigm, confirmed that memory enhancement for valenced, nonarousing words relied on controlled encoding processes: concurrent task performance reduced the enhancement effect. Enhancement for arousing words occurred automatically, even when encoding resources were diverted to the secondary task.
Journal Article
Prefrontal Regions Orchestrate Suppression of Emotional Memories via a Two-Phase Process
Whether memories can be suppressed has been a controversial issue in psychology and cognitive neuroscience for decades. We found evidence that emotional memories are suppressed via two time-differentiated neural mechanisms: (i) an initial suppression by the right inferior frontal gyrus over regions supporting sensory components of the memory representation (visual cortex, thalamus), followed by (ii) right medial frontal gyrus control over regions supporting multimodal and emotional components of the memory representation (hippocampus, amygdala), both of which are influenced by fronto-polar regions. These results indicate that memory suppression does occur and, at least in nonpsychiatric populations, is under the control of prefrontal regions.
Journal Article
Exploring the COMPIN-10 and SUCOMP-10 Scales: Measuring Inferiority and Superiority Complexes Across Nine Countries
This study introduces the short Inferiority Complex (COMPIN-10) and Superiority Complex (SUCOMP-10) scales. Participants (N= 4,010; 57% women), aged between 18 and 77 years (M = 29.68, SD = 10.62), were recruited from nine countries and completed the scales online in their native languages. The reliability, dimensionality, and convergent validity of the scales were examined. Satisfactory reliability coefficients were confirmed for both scales. The unidimensional structure of the COMPIN-10 scale was supported across country samples, whereas the SUCOMP10 scale did not exhibit a unidimensional structure. Additionally, the results indicated that the COMPIN-10 scale only achieved loading invariance, while the SUCOMP-10 scale lacked invariance across countries. The inferiority scores correlated negatively with self-esteem measures, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and the superiority scores correlated positively with self-esteem measures, extraversion, and conscientiousness, confirming the convergent validity of both scales in the respective country samples. The results of this multi-country study indicate that the COMPIN-10 scale is a more robust research instrument; however, further revision and refinement of both scales is recommended.
Journal Article
Childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents: a moderated mediation model of psychological suzhi and inferiority complex
Childhood maltreatment is a rising social issue worldwide. Notably, childhood maltreatment is suggested to incur non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), which is also considered as a profound public health concern, especially among Chinese youth and adolescence. Although the relationship between the two has been reported, little is known about the roles of psychological suzhi and inferiority complex in it. The current study aimed to examine the link between childhood maltreatment and NSSI among Chinese adolescents, and determine the mediating role of inferiority complex and the moderating effect of psychological suzhi. A total of 648 students (55.6% female; M
age
= 14.59) were guided to complete the self-report questionnaires regarding the mentioned study variables. Results demonstrated that childhood maltreatment was positively related with NSSI, and inferiority complex mediated such association. Furthermore, structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that the effect of high childhood maltreatment on NSSI was weaker for adolescents who reported high psychological suzhi. In addition, the effect of inferiority on NSSI was also weaker for adolescents with high psychological suzhi. The current study demonstrated the indirect effects of inferiority complex and psychological suzhi in the link between childhood maltreatment and NSSI, advancing our understanding of the potential mechanism of such link.
Journal Article