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Saturated information load is defined as the information received by a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) node in a swarm network reaches the overload limit of its processing capability. When a UAV swarm performs a mission in an uncertain and adversarial complex environment, overloading of UAVs will lead to information diversion, which may cause other UAVs to experience overloading and diversion as well, affecting the transmission efficiency and robustness of the entire swarm network, which in turn affects the information sensing ability, execution ability, and coordination ability of the swarm in performing the mission. Therefore, this paper proposes a saturated information load-based UAV swarm network topology modelling method, which sets the saturated information load of the nodes in the network model in order to reasonably allocate network resources and optimise the network topology. In addition, through robustness experiments of complex networks and comparative analysis of different saturated information loads and three typical modelling methods, the saturated information load-based network structure modelling method has outstanding advantages and performance in terms of network connectivity, network communication efficiency, and destruction resistance.

Trackpilots can help inland skippers sail an optimal route with minimal human input, which has the potential to save fuel costs and lower crew workload. In theory, widespread adoption of trackpilots is not only beneficial for crew on board, but also for traffic operators ashore. Data from trackpilots or intentions could be shared with fellow skippers and traffic operators. This could minimize verbal communication and allow operators to focus on the most important safety concerns. However, a larger information load in the form of trackpilot data may not necessarily increase situational awareness. This paper examines the effect of trackpilot use on situational awareness in practice, with two field experiments run by students at the Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences. The exploratory results suggest that a trackpilot has the potential to shift situational awareness and decreases workload on board. At the same time, when vessel traffic services (VTS) operators ashore receive intentions from trackpilot information, situational awareness is unaffected, but operators expect the workload to increase. Policy implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.

This article develops a model showing how information reporters influence information load among decision makers and generate supplier-induced information demand (SID). The intra-corporate information-providing process is an expert market with information asymmetry. I show that information overload occurs as an SID and is the result of informational overconsumption deliberately caused by the supplying reporter. My analysis highlights that the information overload depends on the specificity of information. It also shows that the decision maker may face a hold-up situation in light of switching costs. The more specific the information needed, the higher the threat of information overload. The strategic content of information tempts reporting managers to overload the decision maker for the purpose of increasing their reporting transfer price and to discourage the decision maker from getting the information from another reporting manager. Although the decision maker knows a part of the information demand, information overload involves the cost of using unnecessary inputs, information overload occurs as an SID of information, even if other competing reporting managers exist. My analysis demonstrates that information overload can occur due to uncertainty and opportunism of both the decision maker and reporting managers.

Decision science researchers have studied the influence of information overload extensively. Current electronic word of mouth (eWOM) research suggests that too much or too little information in a review can lead to decreased trust and purchase intent. This study adds to that paradigm by exploring the effects of images on uncertainty reduction in eWOM. More specifically, this study analyzes how images may influence trust and purchase intent based on an online review when there is too little or too much textual information. Findings indicate that when there is too little textual information, adding images increases trust and purchase intention, as information load increases. Likewise, when there is too much textual information, research suggests that consumers tend to skip over parts of the text. As such, images are still valuable, as they offer information that might have been missed in the text. These results suggest that when an improper amount of text is provided in a review, images may moderate the potential negative effects of that text length on trust and purchase intent.

Information is the cornerstone of research, from experimental (meta)data and computational processes to complex inventories of reagents and equipment. These 10 simple rules discuss best practices for leveraging laboratory information management systems to transform this large information load into useful scientific findings.

ABSTRACTObjectivesResearch shows that mental demands at work affect later-life cognitive functioning and dementia risk, but systematic assessment of protective mental work demands (PMWDs) is still missing. The goal of this research was to develop a questionnaire to assess PMWDs. DesignThe instrument was developed in accordance with internationally recognized scientific standards comprising conceptualization, pretesting, and validation via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple regression analyses. ParticipantsWe included 346 participants, 72.3% female, with an average age of 56.3 years. MeasurementItem pool, sociodemographic questions, and cognitive tests: Trail-Making Test A/B, Word List Recall, Verbal Fluency Test, Benton Visual Retention Test, Reading Minds in the Eyes Test. ResultsCFAs of eight existing PMWD-concepts revealed weaker fit indices than PCA of the item pool that resulted in five concepts. We computed multivariate regression analyses with all 13 PMWD-concepts as predictors of cognitive functioning. After removing PMWD-concepts that predicted less than two cognitive test scores and excluding others due to overlapping items, the final questionnaire contained four PMWD-concepts: Mental Workload (three items, Cronbach’s α =.58), Verbal Demands (four, Cronbach’s α =.74), Information Load (six, Cronbach’s α =.83), and Extended Job Control (six, Cronbach’s α =.83). ConclusionsThe PMWD-Questionnaire intends to assess protective mental demands at the workplace. Information processing demands and job control make up the primary components emphasizing their relevance regarding cognitive health in old age. Long-term follow-up studies will need to validate construct validity with respect to dementia risk.

In this article, modern principles of processing and working with images have been investigated and applied for specific tasks of character information recognition in conditions of small character size and image fuzzy due to chromatic aberrations, including non-fuzzy C-means, which have proven themselves with high accuracy and speed. processing of initial data. For ease of perception and a more understandable process, we conditionally divide the algorithm into several stages: image improvement and filtering in order to bring data to the optimal information load of the algorithm by suppressing non-maximum points; correction of intensity values according to the level of grayscale pixels; processing of the region of the image with symbolic information by distributing gray tones.

Information overload has been studied extensively by decision science researchers, particularly in the context of task-based optimization decisions. Media selection research has similarly investigated the extent to which task characteristics influence media choice and use. This paper outlines a study which compares the effectiveness of web-based online product review systems for facilitation of trust and purchase intention to those of mobile product review systems in an experiential service setting (hotel services). Findings indicate that the extensiveness of information in the review increases trust and purchase intention until that information load becomes excessive, at which point trust and purchase intention begin to decrease. The magnitude of this decline is smaller in web-environments than in mobile environments, suggesting that web-based systems are more effective in fostering focus and are less prone to navigation frustration, thus reducing information overload.

PurposeMany online merchants today have adopted web personalization in the form of personalized product recommendations (PPRs) to improve consumer’s decision quality. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the roles of PPRs on consumer decision quality in online shopping from the theoretical perspective of information load.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the dual roles of PPRs on consumer decision quality, this paper develops a research model for it. A 2 (information load: high vs low) × 2 (web personalization: PPRs vs non-PPRs) between-subjects design is conducted to empirically test the model.FindingsThe results indicate that: first, information load can increase perceived information overload and decrease perceived information underload; second, PPRs can weaken (enhance) the positive (negative) effect of information load on perceived information overload (perceived information underload); third, both perceived information overload and perceived information underload are negatively associated with consumer’s decision quality.Originality/valueThis paper originally develops a research model that explains the roles of PPRs on consumer decision quality from the theoretical perspective of information load in the online shopping context, which could add new insights to the field of web personalization, especially the impact of web personalization on consumer decision making.

Background Worldwide, involving patients in healthcare has become a focus point. Shared decision-making (SDM) is one element of patient involvement and, in many countries, including Denmark, requires culturally adapted and validated questionnaires to measure diverse patient populations’ perceptions of this concept. SDM-Q-9, a widely used nine-item generic questionnaire, assesses patients’ perception of nine elements during decision-making in consultations. The primary aim of this study is to assess the psychometric performance of the Danish version of the SDM-Q-9 through item response theory (IRT). Additionally, to assess the questionnaire’s generic applicability among patients with pelvic floor disorders or low back pain. Methods After treatment decisions, Danish patients with pelvic floor disorders or low back pain rated the level of SDM by completing the SDM-Q-9 questionnaire. Iitem response theory (the Graded Response Model by Samejima) was applied to assess each item’s psychometric performance and the questionnaire’s generic applicability (among others discriminative ability, precision and item differential functioning). Results The study invited 825 patients for participation and comprised 758 patients for analysis;73% were women, with a mean age of 52 years and a mean SDM score of 3.87. Discrimination parameters (a-scores) for the model ranged from 2.39 (item 1) to 4.48 (item 8). Analysis of the item-information function curves reflected that item 8 demonstrated the highest maximum, indicating higher precision, while items 1, 2 and 9 showed the lowest maxima. Chi 2 -test statistics showed no significant differential item functioning at the 0.01-significance level for any item between the two patient groups. A ceiling effect was observed as most patients selected the highest score, while a low information load was identified in the SDM’s upper load for each item and the overall instrument. Conclusions The Danish SDM-Q-9 demonstrates strong overall performance, with the ability to differentiate between the distinct levels of the underlying construct of SDM. However, the high ceiling effect is a critical limitation. While the SDM-Q-9 could serve as a generic questionnaire across samples with varying demographic composition, further exploration of these findings is warranted, particularly across patient samples encompassing more diverse decisions, e.g. patients with life-threatening diseases.