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"Information standards"
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Hesitancy Toward a COVID-19 Vaccine
The scientific community has come together in a mass mobilization to combat the public health risks of COVID-19, including efforts to develop a vaccine. However, the success of any vaccine depends on the share of the population that gets vaccinated. We designed a survey experiment in which a nationally representative sample of 3,133 adults in the USA stated their intentions to vaccinate themselves and their children for COVID-19. The factors that we varied across treatments were: the stated severity and infectiousness of COVID-19 and the stated source of the risk information (White House or the Centers for Disease Control). We find that 20% of people in the USA intend to decline the vaccine. We find no statistically significant effect on vaccine intentions from the severity of COVID-19. In contrast, we find that the degree of infectiousness of the coronavirus influences vaccine intentions and that inconsistent risk messages from public health experts and elected officials may reduce vaccine uptake. However, the most important determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy seem to be distrust of the vaccine safety (including uncertainty due to vaccine novelty), as well as general vaccine avoidance, as implied by not having had a flu shot in the last two years.
Journal Article
Emerging Standards for Enhanced Publications and Repository Technology
Emerging Standards for Enhanced Publications and Repository Technology serves as a technology watch on the rapidly evolving world of digital publication. It provides an up-to-date overview of technical issues, underlying the development of universally accessible publications, their elemental components and linked information. More specifically it deals with questions as how to bring together the communities of the Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) and the Common European Research Information Format (CERIF). Case studies like EGEE, DILIGENT and DRIVER are analyzed, as well as implementations in projects in Ireland, Denmark and The Netherlands. Interoperability is the keyword in this context and this book introduces to new standards and to concepts used in the design of envelopes and packages, overlays and feeds, embedding, publishing formats and Web services and serviceoriented architecture. It is a must-read for quick and comprehensive orientation.
eBook
Open standards and the digital age : history, ideology, and networks
\"How did the idea of openness become the defining principle for the twenty-first-century Information Age? This book answers this question by looking at the history of information networks and paying close attention to the politics of standardization. For much of the twentieth century, information networks such as the monopoly Bell System and the American military's Arpanet were closed systems subject to centralized control. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, engineers in the United States and Europe experimented with design strategies and coordination mechanisms to create new digital networks. In the process, they embraced discourses of \"openness\" to describe their ideological commitments to entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and participatory democracy. The rhetoric of openness has flourished - for example, in movements for open government, open-source software, and open-access publishing - but such rhetoric also obscures the ways the Internet and other \"open\" systems still depend heavily on hierarchical forms of control\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Semantic data interoperability, digital medicine, and e-health in infectious disease management: a review
Disease management requires the use of mixed languages when discussing etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. All phases require data management, and, in the optimal case, such data are interdisciplinary and uniform and clear to all those involved. Such semantic data interoperability is one of the technical building blocks that support emerging digital medicine, e-health, and P4-medicine (predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory). In a world where infectious diseases are on a trend to become hard-to-treat threats due to antimicrobial resistance, semantic data interoperability is part of the toolbox to fight more efficiently against those threats. In this review, we will introduce semantic data interoperability, summarize its added value, and analyze the technical foundation supporting the standardized healthcare system interoperability that will allow moving forward to e-health. We will also review current usage of those foundational standards and advocate for their uptake by all infectious disease-related actors.
Journal Article
Time and navigation : the untold story of getting from here to there
\"Covers five major periods of navigation history. The first period, when explorers were navigating at sea, spans from Vikings and Polynesians who found their way without clocks, to the eighteenth-century development of the marine chronometer. Explorers then turned their sights to the skies; the need to navigate in the air led to the development of bubble sextants like the type used by Charles Lindbergh, as well as the radar technology used during World War II. The mid-century space race required new technology for navigating in space, including the atomic clock. The final two periods of navigation history cover the invention of satellite navigation and its ubiquity in day-to-day modern life on GPS devices, smartphones, and other personal electronics\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Handbook of evaluation methods for health informatics
This Handbook provides a complete compendium of methods for evaluation of IT-based systems and solutions within healthcare. Emphasis is entirely on assessment of the IT-system within its organizational environment. The author provides a coherent and complete assessment of methods addressing interactions with and effects of technology at the organizational, psychological, and social levels.It offers an explanation of the terminology and theoretical foundations underlying the methodological analysis presented here. The author carefully guides the reader through the process of identifying relevant methods corresponding to specific information needs and conditions for carrying out the evaluation study. The Handbook takes a critical view by focusing on assumptions for application, tacit built-in perspectives of the methods as well as their perils and pitfalls. *Collects a number of evaluation methods of medical informatics*Addresses metrics and measures*Includes an extensive list of anotated references, case studies, and a list of useful Web sites
eBook
Effective cybersecurity : understanding and using standards and best practices
\"In Effective Cybersecurity, William Stallings introduces the technology, operational procedures, and management practices needed for successful cybersecurity. Stallings makes extensive use of standards and best practices documents that are often used to guide or mandate cybersecurity implementation. Going beyond these, he offers in-depth tutorials on the 'how' of implementation, integrated into a unified framework and realistic plan of action. Effective Cybersecurity aligns with the comprehensive Information Security Forum document 'The Standard of Good Practice for Information Security,' extending ISF's work with extensive insights from ISO, NIST, COBIT, other official standards and guidelines, and modern professional, academic, and industry literature. This knowledge is indispensable to every cybersecurity professional. Stallings presents it systematically and coherently, making it practical and actionable\"--Back cover.
Book
Data Interoperability in Context: The Importance of Open-Source Implementations When Choosing Open Standards
Following the proposal by Tsafnat et al (2024) to converge on three open health data standards, this viewpoint offers a critical reflection on their proposed alignment of openEHR, Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR), and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) as default data standards for clinical care and administration, data exchange, and longitudinal analysis, respectively. We argue that open standards are a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve health data interoperability. The ecosystem of open-source software needs to be considered when choosing an appropriate standard for a given context. We discuss two specific contexts, namely standardization of (1) health data for federated learning, and (2) health data sharing in low- and middle-income countries. Specific design principles, practical considerations, and implementation choices for these two contexts are described, based on ongoing work in both areas. In the case of federated learning, we observe convergence toward OMOP and FHIR, where the two standards can effectively be used side-by-side given the availability of mediators between the two. In the case of health information exchanges in low and middle-income countries, we see a strong convergence toward FHIR as the primary standard. We propose practical guidelines for context-specific adaptation of open health data standards.
Journal Article