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Peasants cultivating sugar cane in the valley of Izúcar, Puebla (México) have gone through different stages in their relations with Atecingo’s ingenio and the Mexican government, from subordination and conflict to negotiation, trying to obtain their production’s autonomy. From sugar market’s deregulation, they have to cope with new challenges. In this paper, we present an analysis of the peasants’ replies in regard to economic liberalisation, taking into consideration their possibilities of reproduction or social exclusion as productive agents.

En la década de 1830 Domingo del Monte, un poeta y animador cultural de La Habana, organizó un grupo de escritores que se reunían en su casa para hablar de literatura y escribir narraciones “cubanas”. Algunas de estas narraciones tienen como tema el de la esclavitud. La bibliografía sobre esta literatura, caracterizada como “antiesclavista”, es extensa y tiende a enfatizar la crítica al sistema colonial. En este ensayo me interesa destacar dos aspectos poco discutidos en estas obras: el de la religión católica y el de la “cría de esclavos” en las plantaciones. En mi lectura de Francisco, de Anselmo Suárez y Romero, destaco el uso del primero para mostrar la resignación del esclavo ante los tormentos que recibía, y el segundo como una forma de aumentar la población. Según explico aquí, en la narración de Suárez y Romero aparecen estos dos discursos como parte del adoctrinamiento católico y la política del interés mercantil. Al analizar estos textos me apoyo en las ideas de Michel Foucault sobre el cuerpo humano como instrumento de conocimiento y en las de Bronislaw Baczko sobre el imaginario social.

The research on entrepreneurial resourcefulness (ER) as an antecedent of entrepreneurial intention (EI), especially among young people in resource-constrained environments and institutional voids, is still under-explored. This study investigated the EI of 222 university students through the effects of ER and dynamic capabilities (DC). Results revealed that ER can increase EI both as a second-order variable and a multidimensional construct. The multidimensionality of ER partially mediated by dynamic capabilities enhances the students' EL The research found novel insightsinto ER among young aspiring entrepreneurs, differentiating them from existing entrepreneurs. Thus, it is critical for entrepreneurial education to reflect on the need for ER dimensions like attitude toward frugality, self-control, and financial bootstrapping as core skills for surviving in resource-constrained environments. The study concludes by drawing implications relevant to theory and policy/practice.

Hospitalised adults often have essential emotional needs during their hospital stay, highlighting the importance of incorporating emotional mobilisation therapies. To evaluate the effect of laughter therapy with healthcare clowns on the mood of 40 adults hospitalised in internal medicine. This quasi-experimental study used the transculturally adapted Scale for Mood Assessment (EVEA-H) to assess the intervention's effects. Findings revealed significant improvements in participants' mood. There was a considerable reduction in levels of sadness/depression (p <0.00), anxiety (p <0.00) and anger/hostility (p < 0.00), while a significant increase in joy (p < 0.00) was observed after laughter therapy. Current evidence supports laughter therapy with healthcare clowns as a tool to foster positive emotions, reduce negative psychological symptoms, and improve emotional well-being in various contexts, highlighting the importance of collaborative implementation with medical staff to strengthen well-being in healthcare settings. Laughter therapy can be an effective strategy to improve the emotional well-being of hospitalised adults by reducing negative moods and promoting positive emotions.

By means of the recurring theme of sugar cane which appears in all contemporary literature from the Caribbean islands, this article will emphasise upon the emergence of a memorial poetics turned towards the past instead of looking forward towards the 21st century, as a way of recovering their identity through colonial history (slavery) and post-colonial one (independences, cultural and political revolutions) up to the present century. The sugar plantation (economy, society, identity) tends to disappear from current landscapes but still represents a symbol of historical resistance as well as the common expression of interregional Caribbean identity; besides, it remains a reconceptualized theme in the theoretical essays of many Caribbean authors from the beginning of the 21st century until today.

The aim of this article is to analyze the ore dressing technics present during the peak production period of a silver mine in the Seventeenth-Century Andes, from an archaeological and historical perspective. It is not focused on the silver refinery constructions, or their description and social relationships, which are presented in the specialized literature, but rather on attention to the objects that were necessary for the silver production and to their location. We redefined those constructions, identified their social relations through historical sources and their characteristics regarding this particular period, type of mining camp, stage of the mines’ silver production, and the power and labor relations.

The research on entrepreneurial resourcefulness (ER) as an antecedent of entrepreneurial intention (EI), especially among young people in resource-constrained environments and institutional voids, is still under-explored. This study investigated the EI of 222 university students through the effects of ER and dynamic capabilities (DC). Results revealed that ER can increase EI both as a second-order variable and a multidimensional construct. The multidimensionality of ER partially mediated by dynamic capabilities enhances the students’ EI. The research found novel insights into ER among young aspiring entrepreneurs, differentiating them from existing entrepreneurs. Thus, it is critical for entrepreneurial education to reflect on the need for ER dimensions like attitude toward frugality, self-control, and financial bootstrapping as core skills for surviving in resource-constrained environments. The study concludes by drawing implications relevant to theory and policy/practice.  A pesquisa sobre a engenhosidade empreendedora (EE) como antecedente da intenção empreendedora (IE), especialmente entre jovens em ambientes com recursos limitados e vazios institucionais, é ainda pouco explorada. O presente estudo investigou a IE de 222 estudantes universitários através dos efeitos da EE e das capacidades dinâmicas. Os resultados revelaram que a EE aumenta a IE, tanto como uma variável de segunda ordem como uma construção multidimensional e a multidimensionalidade da EE parcialmente mediada pelas capacidades dinâmicas amplia a IE dos estudantes. A pesquisa encontrou novos insights sobre as descobertas as disposições da EE entre jovens potenciais empreendedores, diferenciado-os dos empreendedores já existentes. Assim, é fundamental que a educação empreendedora reflita a necessidade de dimensões da EE, como a atitude face à frugalidade, o autocontrolE e o bootstraping financeiro – ou a prática de dar início a um empreendimento com recursos próprios – como áreas de competências essenciais para sobreviver em ambientes com acesso limitado a recursos. O estudo conclui extraindo implicações relevantes para a teoria e a política/prática. La investigación sobre el ingenio emprendedor como antecedente de la intención emprendedora, especialmente entre jóvenes emprendedores en entornos con recursos limitados y vacíos institucionales, sigue siendo un área de investigación poco explorada. Este estudio investigó la intención emprendedora de 222 estudiantes universitarios a través de los efectos del ingenio emprendedor y las capacidades dinámicas. Los resultados revelan que el ingenio emprendedor puede mejorar la intenciónemprendedora, como variable de segundo orden y como constructo multidimensional. Además, a través del papel parcialmente mediador de las capacidades dinámicas, la multidimensionalidad del ingenio emprendedor mejora la intención emprendedora de los estudiantes. La investigación arrojó conocimientos novedosos sobre el ingenio emprendedor entre los jóvenes aspirantes a empresarios en comparación con los empresarios ya existentes. Como tal, resulta fundamental que la educación empresarial reflexione sobre la necesidad de que dimensiones del ingenio emprendedor, como la actitud hacia la frugalidad, el autocontrol y el bootstrapping financiero, sean habilidades básicas para sobrevivir en entornos con recursos limitados. El estudio concluye extrayendo implicaciones relevantes para la teoría y la política/práctica.

Este artículo presenta diferentes contextos donde las matemáticas ayudan a crear un hábito de pensamiento y razonamiento, con ramificaciones en la resolución de problemas. La inteligencia se asume asociada a la capacidad de resolución de problemas y es por esa razón que nos acercamos a la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Estos problemas serán planteados en un sentido amplio, no restringiéndonos a los enunciados clásicos, sino también a situaciones problemáticas que pueden aparecer en juegos como el ajedrez, juegos de magia y juegos de mesa y tablero, que son más motivadoras para los estudiantes y que requieren del uso de diferentes técnicas de resolución, además de estar interconectadas con otros ámbitos de conocimiento. Se expone la experiencia de planteamiento de problemas y razonamiento a través de juegos de magia basados en ideas matemáticas, llevada a cabo con estudiantes de altas capacidades, y se proporcionan algunos ejemplos concretos de actividades que se han realizado con estos estudiantes. Se presenta la matemática recreativa como una disciplina que abunda en la motivación de los estudiantes y el fomento de la curiosidad y la indagación. En esta línea, comentamos algunas ideas de M. De Guzmán, M. Gardner y R. Smullyan que se han utilizado en diferentes contextos. Se explican algunos juegos que se han demostrado de utilidad en la creación de pautas de razonamiento, exponiendo el caso concreto del ajedrez como herramienta educativa. Finalmente, se exponen conclusiones sobre la introducción de nuevos materiales, métodos e ideas con el objeto de resolver problemas y se formula una propuesta de continuidad y aplicación en el aula. This paper sets out different contexts where mathematics helps create a thinking and reasoning habit, with special emphasis on problem solving. Intelligence is thought to be connected to problem solving ability and so we are interested in the relationship between intelligence and mathematical problem solving. These problems will be posed in a broad sense, not just considering classical written problems but also problems that appear in situations such as chess, magic tricks, and board games. These settings motivate students better, solving them requires different approaches, and they relate to other fields of knowledge. This paper reports on our experience of posing problems and reasoning with gifted students through magic tricks based on mathematical ideas and we give some examples of the activities we have done with them. We also present recreational mathematics as a discipline that promotes student motivation and increases curiosity and inquiry. We show some ideas from Miguel De Guzmán, Martín Gardner, and Raymond Smullyan that have been used in different frameworks. We describe some games that have been shown to be useful tools for creating reasoning schemas, presenting the particular case of chess as an educational tool. Finally, we set out some conclusions about the introduction of new materials, methods, and ideas for solving problems and we formulate a proposal for continuing this work and applying it in the classroom.

El objetivo del artículo es presentar los principales hallazgos acerca de la manera como emerge la educación técnica con la puesta en marcha del Ingenio Manuelita en la ciudad de Palmira (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) a comienzos del siglo XX. Para el logro de este objetivo se da a conocer la inmersión de campesinos en una lógica capitalista, a través de un sistema de capacitación creado al interior de esta empresa denominado “ambulancia”. De igual manera, se presentan las diversas formas institucionalizadas de educación técnica creadas por el Estado que definen la relación entre economía y educación. Como resultado de ese proceso, el campesino convertido en obrero genera otras formas de relación social, laboral y cultural que lo definen como una nueva clase en la localidad.Palabras clave: campesino, obrero, industria, educación, Ingenio Manuelita, Palmira.History of the technical industrial education in the municipality of Palmira (Valle del Cauca), 1901–1980AbstractThe objective of the article is to present the main discoveries about the way like the technical education emerges, with the setting in march of the Ingenio Manuelita, in the Palmira city (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) at the beginning of the 20th century. For the achievement of this objective it is given to know the immersion of peasants in a capitalist logic through a qualification system created to the interior of this company denominated as \"ambulancia\". In a same way shows up the diverse institutionalized forms of technical education created by the State that they define the relationship between economy and education. As a result of that process the peasant transformed into worker generates other forms of social, labor and cultural relationship that define it like a new class in the town.Keywords: peasant, worker, industry, education, Ingenio Manuelita, Palmira.

From Lodovico Castelvetro to Alonso López Pinciano, the scholarly tradition of Aristotelian poetics laid down a contrast between poet and historian according to which the former was granted the privilege (and the responsibility) of showing acuity of wit through the invention of plots capable of awaking wonder in the audience. In contrast, the historian was tied to facts that effectively took place, and therefore would be denied the possibility of arousing admiration through invention. However, historiographical trends inspired in Tacitus’ works and popularized in the late sixteenth century gave rise to a reinterpretation of the historian’s duty (culminating in Baltasar Gracián’s 1648 Agudeza y arte de ingenio), which opened for the latter a space for invention, and therefore for the exercise of acuity of wit through the task of «unveiling» or inventing «secrets of state» and intentions that the princes had been able to «dissimulate».