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Exoplanet Orbit Database. II. Updates to Exoplanets.org
The Exoplanet Orbit Database (EOD) compiles orbital, transit, host star, and other parameters of robustly-detected exoplanets reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The EOD can be navigated through the Exoplanet Data Explorer (EDE) plotter and table, available on the World Wide Web at exoplanets.org. The EOD contains data for 1492 confirmed exoplanets as of 2014 July. The EOD descends from a table provided by Butler and coworkers in 2002 and the Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets (Butler and coworkers in 2006), and the first complete documentation for the EOD and the EDE was presented by Wright and coworkers in 2011. In this work, we describe our work since then. We have expanded the scope of the EOD to include secondary eclipse parameters and asymmetric uncertainties and expanded the EDE to include the sample of over 3000 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) and other real planets without good orbital parameters (such as many of those detected by microlensing and imaging). Users can download the latest version of the entire EOD as a single comma separated value file from the front page of exoplanets.org.
Journal Article
Inner planets
An expert in planetary sciences offers an synopsis of scientific knowledge about the celestial bodies with which we are most familiar-Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
Book
An Earth-Sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of a Cool Star
The quest for Earth-like planets is a major focus of current exoplanet research. Although planets that are Earth-sized and smaller have been detected, these planets reside in orbits that are too close to their host star to allow liquid water on their surfaces. We present the detection of Kepler-186f, a 1.11 ± 0.14 Earth-radius planet that is the outermost of five planets, all roughly Earth-sized, that transit a 0.47 ± 0.05 solar-radius star. The intensity and spectrum of the star's radiation place Kepler-186f in the stellar habitable zone, implying that if Kepler-186f has an Earth-like atmosphere and water at its surface, then some of this water is likely to be in liquid form.
Journal Article
Earth and other inner planets
\"Discover Earth and the other inner planets through engaging text, vibrant photography, and powerful infographics\"-- Provided by publisher.
CHILDBOOK
Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multiplanet System
We report the detection of Kepler-47, a system consisting of two planets orbiting around an eclipsing pair of stars. The inner and outer planets have radii 3.0 and 4.6 times that of Earth, respectively. The binary star consists of a Sun-like star and a companion roughly one-third its size, orbiting each other every 7.45 days. With an orbital period of 49.5 days, 18 transits of the inner planet have been observed, allowing a detailed characterization of its orbit and those of the stars. The outer planet's orbital period is 303.2 days, and although the planet is not Earth-like, it resides within the classical \"habitable zone,\" where liquid water could exist on an Earth-like planet. With its two known planets, Kepler-47 establishes that close binary stars can host complete planetary systems.
Journal Article
Exploring the inner planets
\"Stargazers have observed Mercury, Venus, and Mars--the other small, rocky planets in our solar system besides Earth--for thousands of years. More recently, we have begun to explore our neighbors in outer space via flyby spacecraft, probes, and rovers. Readers will learn how these expeditions have expanded our knowledge of these planets' atmosphere, surface, features, and even potential for life. A must read for anyone interested in discovering more about space exploration's past, present, and future\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581
The M dwarf star Gliese 581 is believed to host four planets, including one (GJ 581d) near the habitable zone that could possibly support liquid water on its surface if it is a rocky planet. The detection of another habitable-zone planet–GJ 581g–is disputed, as its significance depends on the eccentricity assumed for d. Analyzing stellar activity using the Hα line, we measure a stellar rotation period of 130 ± 2 days and a correlation for Hα modulation with radial velocity. Correcting for activity greatly diminishes the signal of GJ 581d (to 1.5 standard deviations) while significantly boosting the signals of the other known super-Earth planets. GJ 581d does not exist, but is an artifact of stellar activity which, when incompletely corrected, causes the false detection of planet g.
Journal Article
Infinity beckoned : adventuring through the inner solar system, 1969-1989
Examines \"a critical period of space history when humans dared an expansive leap into the inner solar system, ... [conveying] the trials and triumphs of the people on the ground who conceived and engineered the missions that put robotic spacecraft on the heavenly bodies nearest our own ... Based on numerous interviews, Gallentine delivers a ... variety of stories involving the men and women, American and Russian, responsible for such groundbreaking endeavors as the Mars Viking missions of the 1970s and the Soviet Venera flights to Venus in the 1980s\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Molecular Gas Clumps from the Destruction of Icy Bodies in the β Pictoris Debris Disk
Many stars are surrounded by disks of dusty debris formed in the collisions of asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets, but is gas also released in such events? Observations at submillimeter wavelengths of the archetypal debris disk around β Pictoris show that 0.3% of a Moon mass of carbon monoxide orbits in its debris belt. The gas distribution is highly asymmetric, with 30% found in a single clump 85 astronomical units from the star, in a plane closely aligned with the orbit of the inner planet, β Pictoris b. This gas clump delineates a region of enhanced collisions, either from a mean motion resonance with an unseen giant planet or from the remnants of a collision of Mars-mass planets.
Journal Article