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"Innocence Project."
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Junk science and the American criminal justice system
\"From CSI to Forensic Files to the celebrated reputation of the FBI crime lab, forensic scientists have long been mythologized in American popular culture as infallible crime solvers. Juries put their faith in \"expert witnesses\" and innocent people have been executed as a result. Innocent people are still on death row today, condemned by junk science. In 2012, the Innocence Project began searching for prisoners convicted by junk science, and three men, each convicted of capital murder, became M. Chris Fabricant's clients. Junk Science and the American Criminal Justice System chronicles the fights to overturn their wrongful convictions and to end the use of the \"science\" that destroyed their lives. Weaving together courtroom battles from Mississippi to Texas to New York City and beyond, Fabricant takes the reader on a journey into the heart of a broken, racist system of justice and the role forensic science plays in maintaining the status quo. At turns gripping, enraging, illuminating, and moving, Junk Science is a meticulously researched insider's perspective of the American criminal justice system. Previously untold stories of wrongful executions, corrupt prosecutors, and quackery masquerading as science animate Fabricant's true crime narrative.\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Guided Semi-Supervised Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
Classification and topic modeling are popular techniques in machine learning that extract information from large-scale datasets. By incorporating a priori information such as labels or important features, methods have been developed to perform classification and topic modeling tasks; however, most methods that can perform both do not allow for guidance of the topics or features. In this paper, we propose a novel method, namely Guided Semi-Supervised Non-negative Matrix Factorization (GSSNMF), that performs both classification and topic modeling by incorporating supervision from both pre-assigned document class labels and user-designed seed words. We test the performance of this method on legal documents provided by the California Innocence Project and the 20 Newsgroups dataset. Our results show that the proposed method improves both classification accuracy and topic coherence in comparison to past methods such as Semi-Supervised Non-negative Matrix Factorization (SSNMF), Guided Non-negative Matrix Factorization (Guided NMF), and Topic Supervised NMF.
Journal Article
Eyewitness testimony: probative value in criminal justice system
This article reveals the problems and issues related to reliability of eyewitness testimony in the criminal justice system. The article also discusses various internal and external factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness identification, such as attention, stress level, prejudice, prior experience, cognitive state, degree of certainty, biased lineups, and racial or personal bias, with an emphasis on the need to sensitize the law enforcement agency and jurors regarding the reliability of eyewitness testimony to prevent injustices.
Journal Article
\PROJEKTI NEDUŽNOSTI\ I NAKNADNA DNK VJEŠTAČENJA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ - MOGUĆA STVARNOST ILI NEDOSTIŽNA ŽELJA
\"Projekti nedužnosti\" u prvom redu u SAD-u, a zatim i u drugim državama u kojima su uvedeni, omogućuju osuðenim osobama preispitivanje njihovih predmeta radi utvrðivanja nedužnosti. U SAD-u postoje razni modeli \"projekata nedužnosti\". Jedna od ključnih metoda u preispitivanju je provoðenje naknadnog vještačenja DNK-a, što je rezultiralo osloboðenjem približno 300 osuðenih osoba. U konačnici \"projekti nedužnosti\" doveli su do preispitivanja i ispravljanja pogrešaka pravosudnih sustava osloboðenjem nedužnih osoba. Osim toga, u velikom broju slučajeva doveli su i do otkrivanja i osude pravog počinitelja. Tema je ovoga članaka mogu li \"projekti nedužnosti\", pogotovo oni temeljeni na naknadnom DNK vještačenju, zaživjeti i u hrvatskom pravnom sustavu. Na načelnoj razini nema razloga da razvoj znanosti i mogućnosti koje taj razvoj donosi ne naðu širu primjenu i u hrvatskom pravnom sustavu. Na tom su tragu i zaključci ovoga rada u kojem se obraðuju dva ključna pitanja: implementacija \"projekata nedužnosti\" u hrvatski pravni sustav i oživotvorenje tih projekata na temelju provoðenja naknadnog DNK vještačenja.
Journal Article
“Projekti nedužnosti” i naknadna DNK vještačenja u Republici Hrvatskoj – moguća stvarnost ili nedostižna želja
“Projekti nedužnosti” u prvom redu u SAD-u, a zatim i u drugim državama u kojima su uvedeni, omogućuju osuđenim osobama preispitivanje njihovih predmeta radi utvrđivanja nedužnosti. U SAD-u postoje razni modeli “projekata nedužnosti”. Jedna od ključnih metoda u preispitivanju je provođenje naknadnog vještačenja DNK-a, što je rezultiralo oslobođenjem približno 300 osuđenih osoba. U konačnici “projekti nedužnosti” doveli su do preispitivanja i ispravljanja pogrešaka pravosudnih sustava oslobođenjem nedužnih osoba. Osim toga, u velikom broju slučajeva doveli su i do otkrivanja i osude pravog počinitelja. Tema je ovoga članaka mogu li “projekti nedužnosti”, pogotovo oni temeljeni na naknadnom DNK vještačenju, zaživjeti i u hrvatskom pravnom sustavu. Na načelnoj razini nema razloga da razvoj znanosti i mogućnosti koje taj razvoj donosi ne nađu širu primjenu i u hrvatskom pravnom sustavu. Na tom su tragu i zaključci ovoga rada u kojem se obrađuju dva ključna pitanja: implementacija “projekata nedužnosti” u hrvatski pravni sustav i oživotvorenje tih projekata na temelju provođenja naknadnog DNK vještačenja.
Paper
Innocence Project' puts justice on trial
In a remarkable conflict of interest, [Marvin Anderson]'s lawyer had represented the other potential suspect and failed to pursue exculpatory evidence for Anderson. But attempts to get a new trial on the grounds of attorney incompetence were unsuccessful. As [Barry Scheck] says in the program, if you put a mirror under a lawyer's nose and it fogs up, that's good enough to demonstrate competence to most U.S. courts.
Newspaper Article