Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
5,036
result(s) for
"Input-output models"
Sort by:
A new improvement proposal to estimate regional input-output structure using the 2D-LQ approach
The use of location quotients for the estimation of regional input-output tables has been found to be a useful and efficient tool to estimate intraregional production coefficients and multipliers. This paper considers some regionalisation methodologies based on location quotients for the estimation of input-output tables-some of which have hitherto not been analysed at the regional level-and studies which one provides the best estimation (best goodness of fit). We focus the analysis mainly on the accuracy of Flegg's location quotient (FLQ) and two-dimensional location quotient (2D-LQ). The analysis makes use of the multiregional input-output table for Korea for the year 2015 to evaluate the accuracy of the 2D-LQ method against FLQ. A novel proposal for the determination of the parameters corresponding to the 2D-LQ method is presented. This proposal is evaluated in Korean regions and is also applied to Spanish regions. The results obtained from the research conclude the general superiority of the 2D-LQ method, thus corroborating the results of other studies at the national level as well as the validity of our proposal.
Journal Article
Calibrating and Applying Random-Utility-Based Multiregional Input–Output Models for Real-World Applications
Random-utility-based multiregional input–output (RUBMRIO) models are used to study the impact of changes in transport networks or spatial economies on interregional or international trade patterns. These models rely on elastic prices algorithms to estimate trade flows. According to the literature, two different RUBMRIO elastic prices algorithms exist: an original algorithm that was the subject of theoretical investigation, and a modified algorithm that has been commonly used in practice. The original algorithm measures prices and acquisition costs in dollars, whereas the modified algorithm measures prices and acquisition costs in units of utility. By deriving the equivalence conditions of these algorithms, it is proven that the modified algorithm is only equivalent to the original algorithm under very restrictive conditions: first, initial sector prices must be the same in each region; second, cost parameters must be the same for all industries; and third, no other variables can be introduced into the original trade coefficient model specification. In a numerical example, the modified algorithm results in a mean absolute percentage error of 56% for trade flow values. Due to these restrictions, it is recommended that future studies adopt the approach of determining initial RUBMRIO prices endogenously before calibration, which are shown be solved directly from a system of linear equations, and applying the original RUBMRIO elastic prices algorithm (measuring prices in dollars).
Journal Article
Performance of bidimensional location quotients for constructing input–output tables
This article seeks to verify the extent to which the formulation of two-dimensional location quotients (2D-LQ) entails a methodological advance in building or generating economic accounts related to sub-territories drawing from basic information. The input–output tables of the Euro Area 19 for 2010 and 2015 are references for analysis. We have used five statistics to measure similarity between true domestic coefficient matrices for ten countries (Austria, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain) and the matrices they generate using nonsurvey techniques (CILQ, FLQ, AFLQ, and 2D-LQ). The focus substantially centers on ranking methodological efficiency by comparing the results of the four techniques mentioned above. The scope of the work employs standard parameters (associated with 2D-LQ) as guidance to ascertain the optimum parameters.
Journal Article
Scale, Technique and Composition Effects in Trade-Related Carbon Emissions in China
This study applies structural decomposition analysis to evaluate the scale, composition and technique effects of trade-related carbon emissions in China (mainland) from 1987 to 2007. The initial findings indicate that the increasing magnitude of China’s trade, both in terms of the carbon emissions embodied in exports and the carbon emissions avoided via imports, had large-scale effects during the whole period. The technique effect caused by changes in input mix, sector energy intensity, fuel mix and carbon coefficients effectively offset part of the scale effect during the entire period but failed to do so during some sub-periods. Changes in trade composition caused a relative small increase in the carbon emissions created by exports but a relative small decrease in the carbon emissions avoided via imports during the whole period.
Journal Article
A Dynamic Interface for Trade Pattern Formation in Multi-regional Multi-sectoral Input-output Modeling
This paper introduces a visual framework in computational environment for displaying multi-region, multi-sector classical models, associated with authors such Isard, Chenery, Moses, Leontief, Riefler and Tiebout. Based on the quantity and nature of trade data of each model, different conditions are imposed upon the matrix of trade coefficients
T
which result in various matrix partitioning schemes. Matrix
T
illustrates the interactions among interregional and intersectoral economic activities and is considered a key component in input-output modeling. Using
MATHEMATICA
as software tool we introduce a method to construct and present matrix
T
both graphically, with static and dynamic images, and analytically. The output produced enables understanding and/or teaching theoretical trade hypotheses. Furthermore, our computational approach produces random, structured matrices of trade coefficients, which makes possible infinite computer experiments with interregional input-output models of any size, without typing in input. The computer codes are fully presented and can be reproduced as they are in computational-based research practice and education.
Journal Article
Sectoral versus Aggregate Shocks: A Structural Factor Analysis of Industrial Production
Using factor methods, we decompose industrial production (IP) into components arising from aggregate and sector-specific shocks. An approximate factor model finds that nearly all of IP variability is associated with common factors. We then use a multisector growth model to adjust for the effects of input-output linkages in the factor analysis. Thus, a structural factor analysis indicates that the Great Moderation was characterized by a fall in the importance of aggregate shocks while the volatility of sectoral shocks was essentially unchanged. Consequently, the role of idiosyncratic shocks increased considerably after the mid-1980s, explaining half of the quarterly variation in IP.
Journal Article
Relaxing the import proportionality assumption in multi-regional input–output modelling
In the absence of data on the destination industry of international trade flows most multi-regional input–output (MRIO) tables are based on the import proportionality assumption. Under this assumption imported commodities are proportionally distributed over the target sectors (individual industries and final demand categories) of an importing region. Here, we quantify the uncertainty arising from the import proportionality assumption on the four major environmental footprints of the different regions and industries represented in the MRIO database EXIOBASE. We randomise the global import flows by applying an algorithm that randomly assigns imported commodities block-wise to the target sectors of an importing region, while maintaining the trade balance. We find the variability of the national footprints in general below a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4%, except for the material, water and land footprints of highly trade-dependent and small economies. At the industry level the variability is higher with 25% of the footprints having a CV above 10% (carbon footprint), and above 30% (land, material and water footprint), respectively, with maximum CVs up to 394%. We provide a list of the variability of the national and industry environmental footprints in the Additional files so that MRIO scholars can check if an industry/region that is important in their study ranks high, so that either the database can be improved through adding more details on bilateral trade, or the uncertainty can be calculated and reported.
Journal Article
Demand-Driven and Supply-Sided Input–Output Models
In the demand-driven open input–output model, output is determined by final demand, given the production technology in every industry. On the contrary, in the supply-sided version, value added determines the level of output and producers must induce sales in order to achieve a desired level of income. This latter version of the model has been criticised and even rejected on its implausibility, its difficult interpretation and its bizarre implications, among other aspects. This paper argues that the supply-side model is not logically, mathematically or otherwise at odds with Leontief’s arguments. Rejection of the model is a matter of theoretical reading.
Journal Article
