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"Inscriptions, Iberian."
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Palaeohispanic languages and epigraphies
In addition to Phoenician, Greek, and Latin, at least four writing systems were used between the fifth century BCE and the first century CE to write the indigenous languages of the Iberian peninsula (the so-called Palaeohispanic languages): Tartessian, Iberian, Celtiberian, and Lusitanian. In total over three thousand inscriptions are preserved in what is certainly the largest corpus of epigraphic expression in the western Mediterranean world, with the exception of0the Italian peninsula. 0The aim of this volume is to present the most recent cutting-edge scholarship on these epigraphies and on the languages that they transmit. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach which draws on the expertise of leading specialists in the field, it brings together a broad range of perspectives on the linguistic, philological, epigraphic, numismatic, historical, and archaeological aspects of the surviving inscriptions, and provides invaluable new insights into the social, economic, and cultural history of Hispania and the ancient western Mediterranean. The study of these languages is essential to our understanding of colonial Phoenician and Greek literacy, which lies at the root of their growth, as well as of the diffusion of Roman literacy, which played an important role in the final expansion of the so called Palaeohispanic languages.
Book
inscripción ibérica del anillo de Soses
Se revisa la lectura de la inscripción ibérica del anillo de Soses (Lleida). La inscripción está perdida, pero contamos con una fotografía publicada por C. Pujol y Camps en 1890. Gracias a la aplicación de programas de tratamiento de imágenes se puede mejorar su lectura en algunos puntos, por lo que proponemos una nueva transcripción diferente de las que se habían hecho hasta ahora.
Journal Article
Sobre la identificación de dioses íberos en las inscripciones
Reavivado el debate de la identificación de nombres de dioses íberos por la aparición de nuevas inscripciones latinas y los estudios de Joan Ferrer sobre inscripciones rupestres, es el momento adecuado para revisar tanto las nuevas propuestas como las antiguas, así como para plantear nuevas posibilidades. Se presta especial atención a la posibilidad de identificar la presencia de dioses extranjeros (como sucede en epigrafías similares, tales como la griega o la etrusca). Dada su rareza fonotáctica, es probable que las formas íberas -al y balkar sean préstamos, por lo que la interpretación de balkar como una adaptación del teónimo Melqart resulta especialmente interesante.
Journal Article
Revisión de un grafito ibérico sobre vaso de plata de Chiclana de Segura (Jaén)
En este artículo se lleva a cabo la revisión de un grafito ibérico sobre un vaso de plata procedente de la Bética, al que no se había prestado demasiada atención en la bibliografía previa. Idéntica secuencia se encuentra en otro grafito sobre otro vaso de plata, igualmente de la Bética, y en algún grafito del sitio de Azaila (Teruel). En la misma base del vaso donde se grabó el grafito hay también dos letras latinas acompañadas de indicaciones numerales que no habían sido mencionadas en estudios anteriores.
Journal Article
A Vasconic inscription on a bronze hand: writing and rituality in the Iron Age Irulegi settlement in the Ebro Valley
Relatively few examples of Palaeohispanic writing have been recovered from the Vasconic territories of present-day Navarre, leading to the assumption that the Vascones were a pre-literate society. Here, the authors report on an inscription on a bronze hand recovered at the Iron Age site of Irulegi (Aranguren Valley, Navarre) in northern Spain. Its detailed linguistic analysis suggests that the script represents a graphic subsystem of Palaeohispanic that shares its roots with the modern Basque language and constitutes the first example of Vasconic epigraphy. The text inscribed on this artefact, which was found at the entrance of a domestic building, is interpreted as apotropaic, a token entreating good fortune.
Journal Article
Rock Sanctuaries, Sacred Landscapes, and the Making of the Iberian Pantheon
Sanctuaries are common spaces of interaction between humankind and the gods. In many religious systems, mountains and other elevated topographical features are known to have formed part of these privileged spaces of communication. It is not surprising that open-air and, in many cases, rock sanctuaries are the cultic spaces par excellence among the pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula. In this article, we offer a more nuanced picture of these architectonically humble but culturally rich sacred spaces by studying the Palaeohispanic inscriptions recorded in rock sanctuaries located in the territories of the Iberian peoples (fourth–first centuries BCE). Special attention will be paid to the corpus of inscriptions in Cerdanya (Pyrénées-Orientales and Catalonia), where more than 150 texts have so far been identified. After a brief introduction contextualizing the Rock Sanctuaries, the Iberian language, and the epigraphic habit of its speakers, the first section of our article analyses the characteristics that enable us to interpret most of these inscriptions as religious and votive formulations. The second half of the paper discusses what these inscriptions can reveal about the Iberian pantheon and how these rock sanctuaries formed a consolidated religious landscape that was to survive the Roman conquest. The reinterpretation of the Celtiberian sanctuary of Peñalba de Villastar will be fundamental to put forward the hypothesis that, while Iberian and Celtiberian places of worship and pantheons had points of contact, they were mostly dissociated from each other prior to the Roman arrival.
Journal Article
Crops on the Rocks: Production, Processing, and Storage at the Early Medieval Site of Senhora Do Barrocal (Municipality of Sátão, Central Portugal)
Small rural places are largely absent from early medieval written sources, but they were profuse and relevant in regional settlements and economies. Only through archaeological and archaeobotanical investigation is it possible to unveil their structure and productive strategies; however, this kind of investigation is still uncommon in Iberia. Here, the assemblage of fruits/seeds, wood charcoal, and food remains from Senhora do Barrocal (SB) (Sátão, Portugal) will be presented and discussed in order to understand the crop production, processing, and storage. The site was destroyed by a fire somewhere between the 10th and the 11th centuries AD, which allowed the preservation of abundant plant remains in a storage area. Charcoal analyses suggest that the building was made with oak and chestnut timber. The massive fruits/seeds assemblage was dominated by cereals, mostly oat and rye, but also barley, millet, and naked wheat, some fully dehusked, others still hulled. Furthermore, evidence of food products has also been found, suggesting that the area was used for the storage of multiple foods and crops at different processing stages. SB is a good example of how communities adopted a diverse set of crops and multifaceted storage strategies to prevent food shortages and to endure in a harsh environment.
Journal Article