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The popularity of New Year's resolutions suggests that people are more likely to tackle their goals immediately following salient temporal landmarks. If true, this little-researched phenomenon has the potential to help people overcome important willpower problems that often limit goal attainment. Across three archival field studies, we provide evidence of a \"fresh start effect.\" We show that Google searches for the term \"diet\" (Study 1), gym visits (Study 2), and commitments to pursue goals (Study 3) all increase following temporal landmarks (e.g., the outset of a new week, month, year, or semester; a birthday; a holiday). We propose that these landmarks demarcate the passage of time, creating many new mental accounting periods each year, which relegate past imperfections to a previous period, induce people to take a big-picture view of their lives, and thus motivate aspirational behaviors. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1901 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) may interfere with women's contraceptive use. This study analyzed IPV and discontinuation while still in need (DWSIN) using detailed contraceptive calendar data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey and measures of IPV experience in the same 12-month observation period. Using multivariable regression analysis, it examined three forms of violence separately-emotional, physical, and sexual violence-and any IPV combined among 1,437 married women age 15-49 who were using a contraceptive method twelve months prior to the interview. DWSIN varied with the form of violence assessed. Emotional violence (odds ratio (OR) = 2.13, p<0.01) and any IPV (OR=1.88, p<0.05) were strongly, positively associated with higher odds of DWSIN. Sexual violence was weakly associated with higher odds of DWSIN, while there was no detected association with physical violence. Integrating IPV screening into family planning counseling may reduce DWSIN and support women to achieve their reproductive aspirations. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[2]: 17-27). La violence exercée par les partenaires intimes (VPI) peut interférer avec l'utilisation de la contraception par les femmes. Cette étude a analysé la VPI et l'interruption de la contraception parmi les besoins non satisfaits en matière de planification familiale (DWSIN) à l'aide des données détaillées du calendrier contraceptif de l'enquête démographique et de santé au Kenya de 2014 et des mesures de l'expérience de la VPI au cours de la même période d'observation de 12 mois. À l'aide d'une analyse de régression multivariée, elle a examiné trois formes de violence séparément-violence émotionnelle, physique, et sexuelle-et toutes VPIs combinées parmi 1 437 femmes mariées âgées de 15 à 49 ans qui utilisaient une méthode contraceptive douze mois avant l'entrevue. Le DWSIN variait selon la forme de violence évaluée. La violence émotionnelle (rapport de cotes (OR) = 2,13, p <0,01) et toutes VPI (OR = 1,88, p <0,05) étaient fortement et positivement associées à des chances plus élevées de DWSIN. La violence sexuelle était faiblement associée à une chance plus élevée de DWSIN, alors qu'il n'y avait aucune association détectée avec la violence physique. L'intégration de l'évaluation pour VPI dans les conseils autour de la planification familiale peut réduire le DWSIN et aider les femmes à réaliser leurs aspirations reproductives. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[2]: 17-27).

The narrative presented in books 5‐10 of Livy is of an exceptional interest for the understanding of the political and ideological transformations experienced by the Roman Republic during the fourth century B.C, for it represents the principal source of historical information for this era. After determining Livy's sources and the historiographical methods for this period, this study successively approaches the reorganization of the magistracy linked to the sharing of imperium between patricians and plebeians, the formation of the patricio‐plebeian nobility and its value system, the construction of republican consensus on the ideological concepts of libertas and concordia, the affirmation of the role of the territorial tribe in the administrative organization of the Republic and in the integration of new citizens brought by the beginnings of the conquest of Italy, and finally the unification of civic space and time by the publication of a civic calendar and of the formulae of the civic law at the end of the fourth century.

Continual improvement of your search skills can take you to the next level of research, impacting every search you conduct. Who wouldn't want more targeted results in a more cost-efficient manner? You may even begin to advise on tools you don't currently have but which could prove useful to your researchers. As for your own career goals, keeping abreast of industry tools and how they compare is vital, no matter what field you're in.

A 21st-century conception of learning is much more than adopting new skills and integrating them into the curriculum or purchasing new technologies and placing them in classrooms--it is the fundamental shift from a teacher-centered learning environment to a student-centered one. Being an educator in a 21st-century learning environment is a dynamic, powerful experience that affords substantive opportunities for deep learning in students. The author suggests that school librarians can take the leap today into 21st-century pedagogy through the design and facilitation of learning, through methods used to engage colleagues in conversations, and through advocacy for the school library program.