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"Instinct."
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How and what do animals learn?
This book explains that some animals must learn the basics of staying alive from their mothers, while others know how to survive without being taught. Students will discover how some bird and mammal mothers teach their babies how to find food and keep safe from predators.
Book
The Ploy of Instinct: Victorian Sciences of Nature and Sexuality in Liberal Governance
It is paradoxical that instinct became a central term for late Victorian sexual sciences as they were elaborated in the medicalized spaces of confession and introspection, given that instinct had long been defined in its opposition to self-conscious thought. The Ploy of Instinct ties this paradox to instinct's deployment in conceptualizing governmentality. Instinct's domain, Frederickson argues, extended well beyond the women, workers, and \"savages\" to whom it was so often ascribed. The concept of instinct helped to gloss over contradictions in British liberal ideology made palpable as turn-of-the-century writers grappled with the legacy of Enlightenment humanism. For elite European men, instinct became both an agent of \"progress\" and a force that, in contrast to desire, offered a plenitude in answer to the alienation of self-consciousness. This shift in instinct's appeal to privileged European men modified the governmentality of empire, labor, and gender. The book traces these changes through parliamentary papers, pornographic fiction, accounts of Aboriginal Australians, suffragette memoirs, and scientific texts in evolutionary theory, sexology, and early psychoanalysis.
eBook
Young Adults’ Use of Different Social Media Platforms for Health Information: Insights From Web-Based Conversations
Social media-delivered health promotion has demonstrated limited uptake and effectiveness among young adults. Understanding how young adults interact with existing social media platforms for health might provide insight for future health promotion interventions.
The aim of this study is to describe how young adults interact with different social media platforms for health and health information.
We used a web-based conversation methodology to collect data from 165 young adults aged 18 to 24 years. Participants participated in an extended conversation with moderators and other participants about health and social media. They were prompted to discuss how they find health information, how they use different social media platforms, and how they evaluate the trustworthiness of information. A thematic qualitative analysis was applied to the data.
Young adults spent a lot of time scrolling through Facebook newsfeeds, which often resulted in seeing health-related content either from their friends, news sources, or advertisements. Some actively sought out information about specific health areas by joining groups or following relevant pages. YouTube was considered a useful source for learning about everything and was often the go-to when searching for information or advice (after Google). Young adults found the video format easy to learn from. They stated that they could identify accurate YouTube health content by cross-checking multiple videos, by feeling that the presenter was real and relatable, or just through instinctively judging a video's credibility. Instagram was a source of inspiration for health and wellness from those whose lives were dedicated to healthy lifestyles and fitness. Twitter, Tumblr, and Snapchat were rarely used for health information.
Most young adults obtain health information from social media, both actively and through passive exposure. Participants indicated looking to social media influencers for health and lifestyle inspiration and judged the credibility of sources by appearance and instinct. Health experts should try to use the channels in the way that young adults already use them; use relatable role models on Instagram and YouTube, eye-catching headlines and support groups on Facebook, and easy to follow instruction videos via YouTube.
RR2-10.1111/1747-0080.12448.
Journal Article
Alignment of the Starlings: Learning With Generative AI
I will argue that answers to normative questions concerning the place of generative AI in learning rest on answers to ontological questions regarding (1) precisely what is happening when a human ‘interacts’ with generative AI and (2) What is distinctive about organic learning as opposed to currently existing ‘machine learning’ (3) What is the relevant context within which we must understand this pedagogic encounter? In order to think clearly about the first of these questions, we are best served by turning to process philosophy to deploy a conception of ‘individuation’ that makes some sense of the human/AI event. In relation to the second question I argue that differences between organic and currently existing machine learning pertain, most importantly, to the question of ‘creativity’. Corporate generative AI is driven by entropic repetition—the death instinct to use Freud's formulation. This is antithetical to creativity in learning and results in profound pedagogic, and political, challenges. There is nothing, in principle, preventing the development of truly creative hybrid AI individuation, however (My position is firmly posthumanist). Rather, it is the location of AI development within the context of the business models of the capitalist extinction event that makes this an unlikely development. The latter's predictive, automating algorithms are inherently antithetical to the animate novelty we value (I have chosen to employ the, strictly descriptive, ‘capitalist extinction event’ to designate out time, and recommend it to others).
Journal Article
Coach knowledge in talent identification: A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Talent identification traditionally relies on the knowledge and perceptions of expert coaches to identify and predict potential future elite athletes. Experiential coach knowledge is a valuable source of information to guide research in this ill-defined and under-researched area. This review aims to synthesize current empirical understanding of coach knowledge as it relates to decision making in talent identification.
This systematic review and meta-synthesis used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify relevant literature.
Eligible studies were critically appraised for quality, and key findings from the 14 studies were integrated to allow for thematic analysis.
The meta-synthesis revealed the key theme of ‘instinct’ as the primary contributor to coach decisions during talent identification. Subordinate themes informing coach instinct were ‘drive and ambition’, ‘game intelligence’ and ‘physical and technical skills’.
Coaches appear to make decisions about talent based on their tacit knowledge or instinct. Understanding how coaches develop these instinctual ‘feelings’ may guide future research into talent identification and enhance our understanding of how experiential coach knowledge is developed and utilised in the daily training environment.
Journal Article
Is Ritual a Useful Resource? Instrumental and Non-Instrumental Interpretations of Ritual Action
Abstract
This paper seeks to unsettle instrumental interpretations of ritual action, which also frame the current special issue. The instrumental interpretation of ritual action has political actors take deliberate recourse to ritual practices in order to accomplish various political ambitions. In spite of its obvious interpretive merit, the instrumental interpretation of ritual action loses its self-evidence when read in light of the contested history of ritual theory. Longstanding arguments about auto-telicity, universal participation, and ritual instinct suggest the plausibility of a non-instrumental interpretation of ritual action. Through the concepts of agency and protagonism, this paper seeks to explicate both alternatives and assesses their merit in a political context through a case study of Willy Brandt’s iconic genuflection in Warsaw.
Journal Article
5-MeO-DMT modifies innate behaviors and promotes structural neural plasticity in mice
Serotonergic psychedelics are gaining increasing interest as potential therapeutics for a range of mental illnesses. Compounds with short-lived subjective effects may be clinically useful because dosing time would be reduced, which may improve patient access. One short-acting psychedelic is 5-MeO-DMT, which has been associated with improvement in depression and anxiety symptoms in early phase clinical studies. However, relatively little is known about the behavioral and neural mechanisms of 5-MeO-DMT, particularly the durability of its long-term effects. Here we characterized the effects of 5-MeO-DMT on innate behaviors and dendritic architecture in mice. We showed that 5-MeO-DMT induces a dose-dependent increase in head-twitch response that is shorter in duration than that induced by psilocybin at all doses tested. 5-MeO-DMT also substantially suppresses social ultrasonic vocalizations produced during mating behavior. 5-MeO-DMT produces long-lasting increases in dendritic spine density in the mouse medial frontal cortex that are driven by an elevated rate of spine formation. However, unlike psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT did not affect the size of dendritic spines. These data provide insights into the behavioral and neural consequences underlying the action of 5-MeO-DMT and highlight similarities and differences with those of psilocybin.
Journal Article