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In the letter to Johann Malawana, chair of the BMA's Junior Doctors Committee, Hunt said that the new contract would not cut junior doctors' pay or increase their working hours. The letter comes after Dan Poulter, a former Conservative health minister, criticised the government's handling of the junior doctors' contract. 2 Sarah Wollaston, conservative MP and chair of the parliamentary health select committee, has also expressed concerns about the consequences of imposing the new contract on junior doctors. 3 Responding to Hunt's letter, Maureen Baker, chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said she was pleased that Hunt had \"listened to our concerns, particularly around GP recruitment with the inclusion of pay protection for doctors who change to shortage specialties such as general practice.\"

Institutional litigation, in which courts are requested to oversee the operation of large public institutions, has been frequently attacked as a departure from the traditional model of litigation. In this Article, Professors Eisenberg and Yeazell argue that the procedures and remedies employed in institutional litigation are not unprecedented but have analogues in older judicial traditions. Nor, they assert, do the doctrines of separation of powers and federalism present any obstacles to institutional litigation. They conclude that the novelty lies in the newly created substantive rights which courts are asked to enforce.