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Background Taiwan’s colleges and universities are struggling to maintain their student enrollment rates owing to the declining fertility rate. Focusing on students in higher education programs, this study aims to analyze online behavioral patterns for university departmental websites and accordingly, suggests response strategies to increase the rate of enrollment. Methods We use Google Analytics to examine the websites of two departments in a medical university between February 1 and July 30, 2018. We study website patterns during the study periods for three college admission routes: STARS program, personal applications, and admission through examination and placement. Results Most website visitors during the three visiting date ranges for the two departments are 18–24 years. The visitor groups are mainly freshmen at the university and their parents. The homepage and Subject Credits, Course Planning, Teacher Lineup, and Certificate of Subjects were the most visited webpages. The overall number of daily page views varied by academic event. Conclusions University departments should enhance the presentation of featured courses on their webpage or distinguish course characteristics from those of competing departments in the curriculum to ensure clear market segmentation. In addition, departments should consider examining online data to identify suitable high schools that can be visited to attract potential students and to improve students’ willingness to choose their university.

The purpose of this study is twofold, testing how hierarchical motivation modeling explains college students’ academic performances over subsequent semesters; extending the motivation modeling on the university graduate attributes of another sample at a certain time point, by the regular, contextualized institutional-research (IR) practices. The hierarchical motivation modeling denotes that college-attendance values explain achievement goals, eliminating the effect of prior academic performance (i.e., the covariate). Participants were two cohorts of college sophomores with a 1-year gap in Taiwan who voluntarily responded to regular university-wide surveys. The path analysis results of Study 1 (N = 652, 39% female, 61% male) confirmed that the modeling explains the subsequent academic performance, and study hours. Those of Study 2 (N = 681, 43% female, 57% male) further confirmed that achievement goals mediate the values and the attributes. These IR findings indicate directions for college education innovation in boosting the motivated trajectory and the desired learning outcomes worldwide.

[Purpose/Significance] Universities are important institutions for the creation and use of research data. However, how to organize, manage and reuse research data has become a challenging task for universtiy researchers. At present, Chinese university libraries and research institutes have become an important part of institutional repository (IR) construction. Of studies on IR construction by university libraries, there are few cases of embedding research data management (RDM) into IR functions for data preservation and sharing. The relevant theories and practices are still in the exploratory stage and have not been popularized. Therefore, through the investigation of the construction of Japanese IRs for research resource management, some experience is summarized, including the concept of data life cycle management, the optimization of data management policies, and the establishment of a scientific data management platform are applied to the management of scientific data generated by university researchers, the construction of a professional social science data platform for application research, and the conversion of data from decentralized storage to centralized storage and public release, in order to promote academic exchanges and provide innovative services. [Method/Process] IR platforms of 18 university libraries in Japan were selected as the sample. According to the life cycle of \"collection - preservation - reuse\" of RDM, the characteristics and experience of service construction were summarized from the aspects of RDM content, planning service, policies, and training courses. [Results/Conclusions] The enlightenment for the IRs of Chinese university libraries in their RDM service is summarized as follows: using the data life cycle to carry out the RDM service, optimizing data management policies, formulating RDM norms, developing data management courses, improving data management ability, raising the awareness of RDM among researchers, and paying attention to the training of RDM professionals. This study has several limiations. First, the survey data are not comprehensive enough. This paper only investigated IRs of some university libraries in Japan. Second, the research on the reuse of research data in Chinese universities is not comprehensive enough. Our future research will focus on the value-added development, reuse and sharing of research data.

Purpose Integrated reporting () promotes transparency in corporate reporting and communicate detailed information on how a firm creates value in the short, medium and long-term. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review to provide insights into theories, determinants, consequences, contingent variables and methods that have been used in previous studies. Design/methodology/approach The study was based on a systematic review of 17 articles published between 2017 and 2020. Findings Nine theories were used in prior studies. Board size, diversity, independence, level of activity of the board, the establishment of Higher Education Institutions (before or after 1992), adoption of IR framework, size, institutional ownership, sustainability committee and the use of non-financial performance measures in executives’ compensation contracts and separate risk management committees are determinants of . Further, the positive impact of on information asymmetry, market valuation of environmental, social and governance performance, financial performance, intellectual capital, sustainability embeddedness and organisational change, external sense of legitimacy and reputation, revenue growth, corporate environmental performance and circular economy-related information, with mixed findings for analyst earnings forecast accuracy, company value and market value. Only three studies used moderating and mediating variables to examine . Quantitative research approach and secondary data are most preferred by scholars. Research limitations/implications Some papers may have been omitted unintentionally, although the author did his best to include most of the prior published articles using a rigorous methodology. Practical implications This paper set out future research agenda on how research could be enhanced. Originality/value Contrary to prior systematic reviews that consider individual constructs/concept, the review herein adopts a comprehensive approach and considers moderating and mediating variables aside from theories, effects and determinants of integrated reporting.

How does power affect threat perception? Drawing on advances in psychological research on power, I find that the sense of state power inflates the perception of threats. The sense of power activates intuitive thinking in the decision-making process, including a reliance on gut feelings and cognitive shortcuts like heuristics and prior beliefs. In turn, as psychological IR research shows, these mechanisms tend to inflate threat perception. The powerful assess threats from the gut rather than the head. Experimental evidence from the US and China, a reanalysis of a survey of Russian elites, and a large-scale text analysis of Cold War US foreign policy elites lend support to this expectation. The findings help to psychologically reconcile enduring theoretical puzzles—from “underbalancing” to “overextension”—and generate entirely new ones, like the possibility that decision makers of rising, not declining, states feel more fear. Together, the paper offers a “first image reversed” challenge to bottom-up accounts of psychological IR. Decision-maker psychology is also a dependent variable shaped by the balance of power, with important implications for a world returning to great power competition.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the content of the sustainability reports of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and the factors influencing the sustainability information they disclose.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon the literature on sustainability disclosure, institutional logics and hybrid organizations, several hypotheses were deduced. By means of a quantitative content analysis, the sustainability disclosure index of 45 Swedish SOEs was calculated. Statistical analyses were conducted to test which variables affected the sustainability disclosures of the selected SOEs.FindingsThe findings reveal that only state ownership and corporate size significantly affect SOEs’ sustainability disclosures. Fully state-owned SOEs disclose less sustainability information than partially state-owned SOEs. Large SOEs disclose more sustainability information than small SOEs. However, there are weak indications that having a public policy assignment (PPA) (activity) negatively influences environmental sustainability disclosures, and that having a majority of female directors on the board decreases the total sustainability information disclosed. In addition, the statistical analyses show that having state representatives on the board and being profitable may positively affect the disclosures.Originality/valueAccountability is particularly important in SOEs, and their complex hybrid nature has an impact on sustainability disclosures in a surprising way. State ownership and control do not necessarily imply an increased amount of sustainability disclosure.

PurposeThe study aims to identify novel open-access institutional repository (OAIR) implementation barriers and explain how they evolve. It also aims to extend theoretical insights into the information technology (IT) implementation literature.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the interpretive philosophy, the inductive research approach and qualitative case study research method. Three Nigerian universities served as the case research contexts. The unstructured in-depth interview and the participatory observation were adopted as the data collection instruments. The qualitative data collected were analysed using thematic data analysis technique.FindingsFindings show that IR implementation barriers evolved from global, organisational and individual implementation levels in the research contexts. Results specifically reveal how easy access to ideas and information and easy movement of people across international boundaries constituted globalisation trend-driven OAIR implementation barriers given their influence on OAIR implementation activities at the organisational and individual implementation levels. The two factors led to overambitious craving for information technology (IT) implementation and inadequate OAIR implementation success factors at the organisational level in the research contexts. They also led to conflicting IR implementation ideas and information at the individual level in the research contexts.Research limitations/implicationsThe primary limitation of the research is the adoption of qualitative case study research method which makes its findings not generalisable. The study comprised only three Nigerian universities. However, the study provides plausible insights that explain how OAIR implementation barriers emanate at the organisational and individual levels due to two globalisation trends: easy access to ideas and information and easy movement of people across international boundaries.Practical implicationsThe study points out the need for OAIR implementers to assess how easy access to information and ideas and easy movement of people across international boundaries influence the evolution of conflicting OAIR implementation ideas and information at the individual level, and overambitious craving for IT implementation and setting inadequate OAIR implementation success factors at the organisational level. The study extends views in past studies that propose that OAIR implementation barriers only emanate at organisational and individual levels, that is, only within universities involved in OAIR implementation and among individuals working in the universities.Social implicationsThe study argues that OAIR implementation consists of three implementation levels: individual, organisational and global. It provides stakeholders with the information that there is a third OAIR implementation level.Originality/valueData validity, sample validity and novel findings are the hallmarks of the study's originality. Study data consist of first-hand experiences and information derived during participatory observation and in-depth interviews with research participants. The participants were purposively selected, given their participation in OAIR implementation in the research contexts. Study findings on the connections among global, organisational and individual OAIR implementation levels and how their relationships lead to OAIR implementation barriers are novel.

With increased emphasis on accessibility and quality education in tertiary institutions, open and distance learning (ODL) is occupying the center stage in Nigeria. Open educational resources (OERs) is becoming a valuable alternative to improving access to high-quality educational content released under open licenses by outstanding universities worldwide. Some conventional universities in Nigeria now offer both face-to-face and ODL courses, making them dual-mode. However, the universities who employ this dual-mode system are faced with the challenges of developing viable ODL courses. This study examined the extent the courseware developers in these universities in Nigeria use and publish their courses as OER and barriers to the effective utilization and publishing of OER especially in their institutional repositories (IR). The research instrument was designed as a descriptive survey. The sample for the study consists of 73 courseware developers selected from four dual-mode universities in Nigeria. The findings of the study showed that course developers in dual-mode universities do not use OER to a high extent nor publish OER to a high extent in their IR. It was observed that they experience more barriers with publishing of OER than with use of OER. Among others, it is recommended that there should be more awareness around this framework and course developers should be encouraged through incentives for greater participation in the use and publishing of OER in IRs.

Any act of battlefield violence results from a combination of organizational strategy and a combatant's personal motives. To measure the relative contribution of each, our research design leverages the predictable effect of ambient temperature on human aggression. Using fine-grained data collected by US forces during the Afghanistan and Iraq conflicts, we test whether temperature and violence are linked for attacks that can be initiated by individual combatants, but not for those requiring organizational coordination. To distinguish alternative explanations involving temperature effects on target movements, we examine situations where targets are stationary. We find that when individual combatants have discretion over the initiation of violence, ambient temperature does shape battlefield outcomes. There is no such effect when organizational coordination is necessary. We also find that ambient temperature affects combat-age males’ endorsement of insurgent violence in a survey taken during the conflict in Iraq. Our findings caution against attributing strategic causes to violence and encourage research into how strategic and individual-level motivations interact in conflict.

Purpose Building on the institutional theory perspective on corporate governance change and based on interviews with investor relations (IR) managers in large Japanese companies, this study aims to examine Japanese IR managers’ perceptions of the influence of foreign shareholders on Japan’s corporate governance reform and stakeholder-based system. The paper examines tensions, conflicts and collaborations among different stakeholders involved in corporate governance changes in Japan, especially in the areas of firm ownership, employment relations and boards of directors. The paper explains why convergence does not happen in some large Japanese companies by investigating Japanese managers’ responses to and perceptions of foreign shareholders in multiple corporate contexts. Design/methodology/approach The author conducted in-depth interviews with ten IR managers at large, listed Japanese companies in Kyoto and Tokyo and two managers at foreign investment banks in Tokyo, between 2018 and 2021. Findings This paper explores five themes that emerged from my interviews: Chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) mixed perceptions of foreign investors, the effectiveness of CEO compensation and outside directors, managers’ reluctance to accept stock price-driven business strategies, foreign investors’ engagement vs investments in index funds and gender patterns, including the effectiveness of token female outside directors. The Japanese companies the author looked at incorporated foreign shareholders as consultants and adopted a few major shareholder-based customs, such as CEOs communicating with investors, having outside directors, increasing CEO compensation and slimming down unprofitable parts of the business via restructuring and downsizing. Simultaneously, they resisted a few major shareholder-based practices. Foreign shareholders’ pressure revealed tensions and contradictions between the Japanese stakeholder system and shareholder primacy-based customs. Originality/value This paper is one of the few qualitative studies that explores Japanese IR managers’ responses to and perceptions of foreign shareholders in corporate governance reform, with a particular focus on ownership, employment relations and board members. This paper provides examples of tension, conflict and cooperation between Japanese managers and foreign investors, as seen through the eyes of Japanese IR managers. Examining changes in Japan’s stakeholder-based system of corporate governance reform enables us to better understand the processes by which, with vigorous pressure from government and foreign shareholders, a non-western country like Japan may adopt shareholder-based customs and how such a change may also lead to institutional changes.