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All three of the traditionally recognized new institutionalisms – rational choice, historical, and sociological – have increasingly sought to ‘endogenize’ change, which has often meant a turn to ideas and discourse. This article shows that the approaches of scholars coming out of each of these three institutionalist traditions who take ideas and discourse seriously can best be classified as part of a fourth ‘new institutionalism’ – discursive institutionalism (DI) – which is concerned with both the substantive content of ideas and the interactive processes of discourse in institutional context. It argues that this newest of the ‘new institutionalisms’ has the greatest potential for providing insights into the dynamics of institutional change by explaining the actual preferences, strategies, and normative orientations of actors. The article identifies the wide range of approaches that fit this analytic framework, illustrating the ways in which scholars of DI have gone beyond the limits of the traditional institutionalisms on questions of interests and uncertainty, critical junctures and incremental change, norms and culture. It defines institutions dynamically – in contrast to the older neo-institutionalisms’ more static external rule-following structures of incentives, path-dependencies, and cultural framing – as structures and constructs of meaning internal to agents whose ‘background ideational abilities’ enable them to create (and maintain) institutions while their ‘foreground discursive abilities’ enable them to communicate critically about them, to change (or maintain) them. But the article also points to areas for improvement in DI, including the theoretical analysis of processes of ideational change, the use of the older neo-institutionalisms for background information, and the incorporation of the power of interests and position into accounts of the power of ideas and discourse.

Este artículo analiza el uso de conceptos del enfoque institucionalista, en particular del nuevo institucionalismo histórico, en los Discursos sobre la primera década de Tito Livio de Maquiavelo y argumenta que el autor fue precursor de la ciencia política desde una perspectiva institucional. En este sentido, se destaca su distinción analítica entre lo individual y lo colectivo, la importancia de la historia en términos de la secuenciación de los acontecimientos y sus efectos inerciales, la noción de la categoría de institución asociada a los \"modos\" y \"órdenes\" y su incidencia en la distribución del poder y en el accionar de los sujetos. Para lograr tales aproximaciones se abordan los argumentos que Maquiavelo desarrolla en relación a la república de Roma.

Much of the promise of governing Africa’s land market since the 2000s has rested on reforms aimed at getting the right institutions in place, sometimes by creating new hybrid regimes to make formal and customary administration more compatible. Such ‘institutional fix’ strategies are often frustrated because the new institutions themselves are embedded in existing structures and power relations that shape the priorities, political preferences and interpretations of social actors affected by them. The thesis argues that attempts to develop new hybrid institutions for land governance at the local level in Ghana between 2003 to date under the Land Administration reforms illustrates this dynamic. By providing greater understanding about the conflictual and political process of creating new hybrid institutions in urban settings, the thesis aims to contribute to debates about how to operationalise hybrid land governance practices at scale in ways that facilitate equitable land development. Conclusions were drawn from case study analysis of three urban communities that have benefitted from a long period of government’s attempts to institutionalize new hybrid institutions for land governance: Gbawe in the Ga south municipality (Accra), Ejisu and Juaben both located in the Ejisu- Juaben municipal area (Kumasi). Building on historical institutionalism and ideational theories, the analyses focused on why attempts to make customary tenure and statutory law compatible under the Ghana Land Administration Program are producing widely diverging outcomes in the country. The thesis explores this divergence in relation to three critical aspects of urban transformation: land governance, local land use planning and urban land value capture. The research results suggest that whether state interventions induce institutional change or not depends on customary actors’ political priorities and the extent to which they valued compatibility between customary and formal institutions. These differing political priorities impelled customary actors in Gbawe and Juaben to implement the new hybrid arrangements by preparing the ground. Customary actors prepared the ground by reflecting on existing institutional arrangements, conceiving and ‘selling’ persuasive new proposals that appealed to shared cultural understandings of targeted supporters. On the contrary, in Ejisu customary actors’ political priorities incentivized overriding these new hybrid institutions in the interests of political and economic gain. This study argues that the chances of achieving transformative hybrid regimes in land governance is enhanced when government’s layering efforts when they activate existing potentials generated by supportive customary actors, and when it limits their ability to counter change. In addition, it suggests that theories of institutional change that focus on the largely theorized positive outcomes of hybrid regimes may miss the extent to which existing institutional context and the actors empowered within them can shape the course of reform, either by (un)intentionally interpreting or redeploying new institutions to new goals that may be inconsistent with national land policy objectives.

This special issue furthers the study of natural resource management from a critical institutional perspective. Critical institutionalism (CI) is a contemporary body of thought that explores how institutions dynamically mediate relationships between people, natural resources and society. It focuses on the complexity of institutions entwined in everyday social life, their historical formation, the interplay between formal and informal, traditional and modern arrangements, and the power relations that animate them. In such perspectives a social justice lens is often used to scrutinise the outcomes of institutional processes. We argue here that critical institutional approaches have potentially much to offer commons scholarship, particularly through the explanatory power of the concept of bricolage for better understanding institutional change. Critical institutional approaches, gathering momentum over the past 15 years or so, have excited considerable interest but the insights generated from different disciplinary perspectives remain insufficiently synthesised. Analyses emphasising complexity can be relatively illegible to policy-makers, a fact which lessens their reach. This special issue therefore aims to synthesise critical institutional ideas and so to lay the foundation for moving beyond the emergent stage to make meaningful academic and policy impact. In bringing together papers here we define and synthesise key themes of critical institutionalism, outline the concept of institutional bricolage and identity some key challenges facing this school of thought.

This paper presents a review and critique of the 20-year-old literature on institutional distance, which has greatly proliferated. We start with a discussion of the three institutional perspectives that have served as a theoretical foundation for this construct: organizational institutionalism, institutional economics, and comparative institutionalism. We use this as an organizing framework to describe the different ways in which institutional distance has been conceptualized and measured, and to analyze the most common organizational outcomes that have been linked to institutional distance, as well as the proposed explanatory mechanisms of those effects. We substantiate our qualitative review with a meta-analysis, which synthesizes the main findings in this area of research. Building on our review and previous critical work, we note key ambiguities in the institutional distance literature related to underlying theoretical perspectives and associated mechanisms, distance versus profile effects, and measurement. We conclude with actionable recommendations for improving institutional distance research.

As part of the broader intellectual movement throughout the social sciences that is centered on new institutionalism, the institution-based view has emerged as a leading perspective in the strategic management literature. This article (1) traces the emergence of the institution-based view, (2) reviews its growth in the last two decades, and (3) responds to three of its major criticisms. We also identify four promising research directions—deglobalization and sanctions, competitive dynamics, hybrid organizations, and corporate social responsibility. Overall, we demonstrate that the thriving research on institutions has culminated in an institution-based paradigm, which has significant potential for future growth.

Виявляючи теоретико-методологические аспекти реалізації оновленої інституційної економіки, уточнюючи значення інституціалізму в процесах управління, автор особливу увагу приділяє фінансовій безпеці. Високопрофесійні управлінські вирішення влади, тобто ефективніше державне регулювання повинні детермінувати найбільшу ефективність заходів, які забезпечують фінансову безпеку російського суспільства. Державне управління і державне регулювання не суперечать, не заперечують, а швидше доповнюють один одного в умовах демократії і ринку, що в цілому характерно для сфери безпеки сучасного суспільства. Тим самим може бути досягнута оптимальна модель взаємодії держави, суспільства і бізнесу у сфері безпеки. Саме тому, держава обов'язково повинна втручатися в суспільні стосунки і в сферу безпеки, особливо, фінансову, але робити це треба вибірково, не регламентуючи тотально суспільні процеси.

This article reviews recent contributions to International Relations (IR) that engage the substantive concerns of historical institutionalism and explicitly and implicitly employ that tradition's analytical features to address fundamental questions in the study of international affairs. It explores the promise of this tradition for new research agendas in the study of international political development, including the origin of state preferences, the nature of governance gaps, and the nature of change and continuity in the international system. The article concludes that the analytical and substantive profiles of historical institutionalism can further disciplinary maturation in IR, and it proposes that the field be more open to the tripartite division of institutional theories found in other subfields of Political Science.

Over more than 30 years, research on the interactions between multinational corporations (MNCs) and their institutional host environments has produced rich but scattered insights, which this review organises and integrates. We map the current state of knowledge and build an integrative model involving motivation and host context as antecedents; interaction strategy and actors as the phenomenon; and consequences, especially at the organisational level, as outcomes. By reviewing 176 articles published in leading journals, we reveal previously hidden relationships between host-country institutional context, proactive and reactive strategies, and positive and negative outcomes for the focal organisation. We also identify three future research frontiers focused on understudied aspects of interactions between MNCs and institutions: dynamics of strategies, dynamics of impact, and microfoundational dynamics. We suggest that combining organisational institutionalism and comparative institutionalism offers a pathway to push the outlined research frontiers.