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Abstract Objectives To compare the performance of the TEG 5000 and TEG 6S Global Hemostasis cartridge. Methods We reviewed validation data of the TEG 5000 and TEG 6S Global Hemostasis cartridge. The specimens were analyzed in parallel according to the manufacturer’s operating instructions. Results Fifty-four healthy donors and 13 donors with known hemostatic abnormalities were included. The correlations between instrument types were only moderate—the Spearman rank correlations were 0.55, 0.62, 0.64, and 0.72, respectively, for CK R, K, angle, and maximum amplitude (MA) parameters. Using the manufacturer’s device-specific reference ranges to classify results as normal/abnormal, there was weak agreement in the qualitative interpretation of all parameters (Cohen’s κ for agreement for CK R, K, angle, and MA was 0.418, 0.154, –0.083, and 0.127, respectively). This could lead to discordant transfusion decisions. Conclusions These findings indicate that the TEG 5000 and TEG 6S may not be used interchangeably.

In clinical pharmacy, the Pharmacotherapeutic Profile (PP) serves as a key tool for documenting patient information, treatment, and clinical progression. At IPS Colsubsidio, PP is used for pharmacotherapeutic follow-up; however, it presents limitations: a design focused on dispensing that does not adapt to clinical documentation needs, the absence of a coded format hindering information analysis and organization, and institutional perception of the pharmacist as an administrative rather than a clinical professional. The objective was to design and conduct face and content validation of an instrument to determine the PP of hospitalized pediatric and adult patients at IPS Colsubsidio between February and May 2025. The development and validation studies were conducted in five phases: (1) construct definition; (2) literature review; (3) item identification, domain specification, and preliminary instrument design; (4) face and content validation through the Delphi technique, conducted in two rounds with expert reviewers using Face and Content Validity Ratio (FVR, CVR) and Face and Content Validity Index (FVI, CVI), both evaluated through a Likert scale; (5) final PP design. A total of 75 items were collected from 24 reviewed references and subsequently validated through face and content validity by six pharmacists. After implementing suggested adjustments, a final PP was designed, comprising 72 items distributed across six domains, with high FVI and CVI values of 0.96. The PP optimizes clinical and pharmacotherapeutic data collection and analysis, enabling personalized care and enhancing the pharmaceutical care program.

Agrithaa Guru,1,* Marcus Alexander Henning,2,* Craig S Webster,2,* Bridget Kool,3,* Tim J Wilkinson,4,* Warwick Bagg5,* 1School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; 2Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; 3Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; 4Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; 5Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Agrithaa Guru, The University of Auckland, M&HS Building 507, 28 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand, Email agrithaa.guru@auckland.ac.nzPurpose: The influences on medical graduates’ career choices and destinations are varied but not well quantified. This study aimed to explore the validity of an instrument that measures the factors that influence Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) medical students’ career choices.Methods: The Medical Schools Outcomes Database (MSOD) questionnaire containing 24 question items entitled “Factors Influencing Career Choice” (FICC) section was psychometrically analyzed. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed to identify underlying constructs associated within these question items. This was followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), conducted on a subsequent cohort to confirm the validity of the identified factor structure.Results: The EFA (n=300) identified four main factors: Placement Experiences, Work Flexibility, Vocational Characteristics, and Finances and Rewards. The CFA (n=343) confirmed the same factor structure. A parsimonious factor structure was achieved after modification of indices and removal of nine items that did not contribute to enhancing the model fit. Two of the four fit indices were within acceptable limits, indicating a reasonable fit of the factor structure. The four factors identified in this study are conceptually consistent with published literature on medical students’ career choices.Conclusion: The current FICC section of MSOD questionnaire is useful in identifying key factors influencing NZ students’ career choice. Items removed in the CFA model indicate possible issues underlying the current wording of the item stems, obscuring the effectiveness of the questionnaire. Future research to enhance the scope and sensitivity of the current FICC section can further improve the utility of this tool in informing curriculum developments and shaping the needs of the future medical workforce.Keywords: medical students, influencing factors, career choice, instrument validation

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent, so does the interest in AI ethics. To address issues related to AI ethics, many government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and corporations have published AI ethics guidelines. However, only a few test instruments have been developed to assess students’ attitudes toward AI ethics. A related instrument is required to effectively prepare lecture curricula and materials on AI ethics, as well as to quantitatively evaluate the learning effect of students. In this study, we developed and validated the instrument (AT-EAI) to assess undergraduate students’ attitudes toward AI ethics. The instrument’s reliability, content validity, and construct validity were evaluated following its development and application in a sample of 1,076 undergraduate students. Initially, the instrument comprised five dimensions that totaled 42 items, while the final version had 17 items. When it came to content validity, experts (n = 8) were involved in the process. Exploratory factor analysis identified five dimensions, and confirmatory factor analysis found that the model was good-fitting. The reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha and the corrected item-total correlation were both satisfactory. Considering all the results, the developed instrument possesses the psychometric properties necessary to be considered a valid and reliable instrument for measuring undergraduate students’ attitudes toward AI ethics. This study also found that there were gender differences in fairness, privacy, and non-maleficence dimensions. Furthermore, it revealed the difference in students’ attitudes toward fairness based on their prior experience with AI education.

Context: Integrated care is an important strategy for increasing health system performance. Despite its growing significance, detailed evidence on the measurement properties of integrated care instruments remains vague and limited. Our systematic review aims to provide evidence on the state of the art in measuring integrated care. Methods: Our comprehensive systematic review framework builds on the Rainbow Model for Integrated Care (RMIC). We searched MEDLINE/PubMed for published articles on the measurement properties of instruments measuring integrated care and identified eligible articles using a standard set of selection criteria. We assessed the methodological quality of every validation study reported using the COSMIN checklist and extracted data on study and instrument characteristics. We also evaluated the measurement properties of each examined instrument per validation study and provided a best evidence synthesis on the adequacy of measurement properties of the index instruments. Findings: From the 300 eligible articles, we assessed the methodological quality of 379 validation studies from which we identified 209 index instruments measuring integrated care constructs. The majority of studies reported on instruments measuring constructs related to care integration (33%) and patientcentered care (49%); fewer studies measured care continuity/comprehensive care (15%) and care coordination/case management (3%). We mapped 84% of the measured constructs to the clinical integration domain of the RMIC, with fewer constructs related to the domains of professional (3.7%), organizational (3.4%), and functional (0.5%) integration. Only 8% of the instruments were mapped to a combination of domains; none were mapped exclusively to the system or normative integration domains. The majority of instruments were administered to either patients (60%) or health care providers (20%). Of the measurement properties, responsiveness (4%), measurement error (7%), and criterion (12%) and cross-cultural validity (14%) were less commonly reported. We found <50% of the validation studies to be of good or excellent quality for any of the measurement properties. Only a minority of index instruments showed strong evidence of positive findings for internal consistency (15%), content validity (19%), and structural validity (7%); with moderate evidence of positive findings for internal consistency (14%) and construct validity (14%). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the quality of measurement properties of instruments measuring integrated care is in need of improvement with the less-studied constructs and domains to become part of newly developed instruments.

Background Online health information is unregulated and can be of highly variable quality. There is currently no singular quantitative tool that has undergone a validation process, can be used for a broad range of health information, and strikes a balance between ease of use, concision and comprehensiveness. To address this gap, we developed the QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST). Here we report on the analysis of the reliability and validity of the QUEST in assessing the quality of online health information. Methods The QUEST and three existing tools designed to measure the quality of online health information were applied to two randomized samples of articles containing information about the treatment ( n  = 16) and prevention ( n  = 29) of Alzheimer disease as a sample health condition. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using a weighted Cohen’s kappa (κ) for each item of the QUEST. To compare the quality scores generated by each pair of tools, convergent validity was measured using Kendall’s tau (τ) ranked correlation. Results The QUEST demonstrated high levels of inter-rater reliability for the seven quality items included in the tool (κ ranging from 0.7387 to 1.0, P  < .05). The tool was also found to demonstrate high convergent validity. For both treatment- and prevention-related articles, all six pairs of tests exhibited a strong correlation between the tools (τ ranging from 0.41 to 0.65, P  < .05). Conclusions Our findings support the QUEST as a reliable and valid tool to evaluate online articles about health. Results provide evidence that the QUEST integrates the strengths of existing tools and evaluates quality with equal efficacy using a concise, seven-item questionnaire. The QUEST can serve as a rapid, effective, and accessible method of appraising the quality of online health information for researchers and clinicians alike.

The survey of historical façades contains several bottlenecks, mainly related to the geometrical structure, the decorative framework, the presence of natural or artificial obstacles, the environment limitations. Urban context presents additional restrictions, binding by ground acquisition activity and leading to building data loss. The integration of TLS and close-range photogrammetry allows to go over such stuff, not overcoming the shadows effect due to the ground point of view. In the last year the massive use of UAVs in survey activity has permitted to enlarge survey capabilities, reaching a deeper knowledge in the architecture analysis. In the meanwhile, several behaviour rules have been introduced in different countries, regulating the UAVs use in different field, strongly restricting their application in urban areas. Recently very small and light platforms have been presented, which can partially overcome these rules restrictions, opening to very interesting future scenarios. This article presents the application of one of these very small RPAS (less than 300 g), equipped with a low-cost camera, in a close range photogrammetric survey of an historical building façade in Bologna (Italy). The suggested analysis tries to point out the system accuracy and details acquisition capacity. The final aim of the paper is to validate the application of this new platform in an architectonic survey pipeline, widening the future application of close-range photogrammetry in the architecture acquisition process.

Identifying characteristics of an engaging online learning environment plays a crucial role in fostering student engagement and academic development in online learning. This body of research, however, has been impeded by the fragmentation with regards to the conceptualization and measurement of students’ perception of characteristics of an engaging online learning environment. Drawing on the development-in-sociocultural context perspective of student engagement as the substantive theory and the argument-based approach to validation as the methodological theory, this study sought to develop and validate an instrument to measure students’ perception of an engaging online learning environment (CEOLE). Through two stages of articulating and empirically evaluating an interpretation and use argument for the CEOLE, a 25-item questionnare measuring seven components of CEOLE was finally derived. Backing as well as rebutting evidence for the CEOLE was discussed in light of the argument-based approach to validation which manifests itself to be a more comprehensive and practical approach to validating Likert-type scale instruments than the classic evidence-gathering approach.

Background: Research studies aimed at evaluating satisfaction with the couple relationship demonstrate that differences in satisfaction largely depend on three sociodemographic variables: sex (men/women), living together (yes/no), and having children (yes/no). The Satisfaction in Couple Relationship Scale (SCR) has shown great potential in measuring satisfaction in couple relationships. This study aims to demonstrate its factorial invariance to these three variables. Method: Confirmatory factor analyses were carried out on subsamples of women and men, people who live together and those who do not cohabit, and people who have children and those who do not have children. A multigroup factor analysis was also performed to test the factorial invariance of the SCR based on the variables mentioned above. Result: The obtained results showed factorial invariance, metric invariance, and strong invariance for all three variables, and strict invariance concerning the \"sex\" variable. It was also confirmed that men, people who do not cohabit, and people without children, are more satisfied with their relationships than women, people who cohabit, and people with children. Conclusion: The scale has demonstrated an adequate factorial invariance for the analysed variables, confirming the possibility of using it for different sample types.

Nursing staff have been at the forefront of the pandemic, reporting high traumatic stress and anxiety levels related to high fear of COVID-19. Recommendations from previous studies include using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) as a screening tool to identify any individuals who may benefit from targeted psychological support. Thus far, the accuracy of the Canadian English and French versions of FCV-19S to detect high levels of traumatic stress and anxiety symptoms has not been examined. The objectives of this methodological psychometric study were to examine among nursing staff: (a) the structure and internal consistency of the Canadian versions of the FCV-19S and (b) its ability in detecting high levels of traumatic stress and anxiety symptoms. An anonymous online survey was distributed among nursing staff (n = 387) in the province of Quebec (Canada). This survey included the FCV-19S and scales measuring their traumatic stress (PCL-5) and anxiety symptoms (GAD-7). Exploratory factor analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. The one-factor structure of the FCV-19S was supported (Cronbach alpha = 0.87). The FCV-19S showed better accuracy for the detection of traumatic stress (area under the curve (AUC) 0.75 [95% CI 0.68, 0.82]) in comparison to anxiety symptoms (AUC 0.65 [95% CI 0.60, 0.74]). The FCV-19S may benefit from adaptation for its use in nursing staff and in a future pandemic context.