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"Insurance State supervision Europe."
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Capital requirements, disclosure, and supervision in the European insurance industry : new challenges towards Solvency II
\"Solvency II is the most important regulatory innovation in the field of insurance in the past 20 years. The length of this project, the number of operators involved through impact studies and assessments, the adopted procedure and the wide range of innovations have created an atmosphere of great expectation around Solvency II entering into force. The adoption of a risk-based approach appears to be the most important innovation of the new regulatory framework because it determines important issues related to capital requirements and their supervision as well as their disclosure to the market. Capital Requirements, Disclosure, and Supervision in the European Insurance Industry provides an interesting analysis of Solvency II's issues by combining both the theoretical approach and the empirical implications and effects on the European insurance industry. It discusses the new challenges facing insurance companies through the examination of its structure, the rules with which insurance companies operating in Europe have to be compliant, and their implementation. \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Equalization reserves for reinsurance and non-life undertakings in Switzerland
Equalization reserves is an insurance liability with features of own capital. By law, Swiss reinsurance and non-life undertakings must hold equalization reserves within their statutory accounts. Regarding Swiss solvency modeling, the equalization reserves are set to zero. Swiss reinsurance and non-life undertakings define the upper limit and the corresponding transfer rule to the equalization reserves; however, this information is not disclosed. The goal of the study is to find a relationship between the equalization reserves and the publicly available technical account items, applying a generalized additive model (GAM). Thereafter, we transform the continuous variables into discrete ones, and we apply a generalized linear model (GLM). The study is based on published data from 1997 to 2018, whereby we restate the implicitly published equalization reserves. For reinsurance undertakings, the GAM model captures the relationship better than the GLM one; for non-life undertakings, the GLM model performs better. For reinsurance undertakings, the equalization reserves depend on the equalization reserves of the previous year, on the calendar year, on the legal form, on the technical result, on the administration and commission costs and on other costs. For non-life undertakings, the equalization reserves depend on the net claims payments, on the equalization reserves of the previous year, on the net change in claims reserves without change in equalization reserves, on the calendar year and on the net earned premium. Furthermore, we look at the need for equalization reserves: do the undertakings accumulate and release the equalization reserves? Further, the impact of taxes on the equalization reserves is looked at. The concept of equalization reserves avoids the misuse of tax optimization. We conclude that the discussion about disclosure of equalization reserves will restart. In addition, the definition of the upper limit of the equalization reserves could be widened by linking the equalization reserves to the insurance/reserving risk from the capital modeling.
Journal Article
Bank-Insurance Integration Level In Ukraine: Science-Methodological Approach
The methodological approach to the assessment of bank-insurance integration (BII) level in Ukraine based on the calculation of integration index using of binary characteristics and matrix analyses instruments is given in the following paper. The proposed approach considers the presence of part (full) integration of bank capital and insurance companies, and the connection between these financial intermediaries in spheres of life and risk insurance in terms of the absence of their mutual participation in capital (bancassurance). Our findings evidence a low value of BII level in Ukraine during 2002-2013 in conditions of the gradual integration processes’ acceleration and the appearance of new innovative forms of bank-insurance cooperation.
Journal Article
Financial Transition in Europe and Central Asia
The financial sectors of the post-communist economies of Europe and Central Asia are perhaps where the most intractable problems existed and where the most difficult reforms were forced to begin. This report examines the factors that influenced, and will influence, the adaptation of ECA ' s financial systems, starting from an examination of how the global financial system--especially the Western European component--has evolved, and how these developments have both influenced and challenged different types of transition economies. The report also provides an opportunity to take stock of progress in the financial systems of ECA countries over the past 10 years and to identify the main challenges confronting financial policymakers during this period.
eBook
Distress in European Banks
The global financial crisis has highlighted the importance of early identification of weak banks: when problems are identified late, solutions are much more costly. Until recently, Europe has seen only a small number of outright bank failures, which made the estimation of early warning models for bank supervision very difficult. This paper presents a unique database of individual bank distress across the European Union from mid-1990s to 2008. Using this data set, we analyze the causes of banking distress in Europe. We identify a set of indicators and thresholds that can help to distinguish sound banks from those vulnerable to financial distress
Book
Principles of European Insurance Contract Law
HauptbeschreibungFollowing the publication of the Principles of European Insurance Contract Law (PEICL) in 2009, there has been significant political and academic discussion on their possible use as an optional instrument. Experts' views on this topic were exchanged at a conference held in Vienna in January 2010. The distinguished speakers represented European politics, legal science, the insurance industry, insurance intermediaries and consumers. These independent experts, who were not involved in drafting the PEICL, presented their critical, unbiased opinions on the project.This volume presents the proceedings of the Vienna conference. It also includes a postscript in commemoration of the late Professor Dr. Fritz Reichert-Facilides, whose visionary ideas led to the creation of the Project Group \"Restatement of European Insurance Contract Law\" and to the drafting of the PEICL.
eBook
The politics of insurance regulation and supervision reform in the European Union
In the late 2000s, the European Union (EU) undertook a significant reform of the framework for insurance regulation and supervision through the Solvency II directive, which substantially updated prudential rules and supervisory practices. This article addresses the question of what has driven the reform of the framework for insurance regulation and supervision in the EU. It is argued that the politics of the Solvency II directive was characterised by a strong alliance between the Commission and the United Kingdom, backed up by the large member states, some old member states and industry, particularly large companies and transnational groups. The United Kingdom was, however, the pace setter, whose influence was underpinned by the size of its insurance market; the expertise and effective coordination of national policymakers, and a state-of-the-art domestic regulatory model.
Journal Article
Assessing the Cost of Financial Regulation
This study assesses the overall impact on credit of the financial regulatory reforms in Europe, Japan, and the United States. Long-term cost estimates are provided for Basel III capital and liquidity requirements, derivatives reforms, and higher taxes and fees. Overall, average lending rates in the base case would rise by 18 bps in Europe, 8 bps in Japan, and 28 bps in the United States. These results are similar to the official BIS assessments of Basel III and an OECD analysis, but lower as a result of including expense cuts and reductions in the returns required by investors. As a result, they are markedly lower than those of the IIF.
eBook
The Global Diffusion of Human Resource Practices: Institutional and Cultural Limits
The competitive forces generated by globalization act to promote the cross-national diffusion of human resource management 'best practices'. This book contains papers from authors in Europe, Asia, Africa, and US who explore diffusion in a variety of national contexts.
eBook
Turmoil at twenty : recession, recovery, and reform in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union
This book, written on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, addresses three questions that relate to recession, recovery, and reform, respectively, in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) transition countries. Did the transition from a command to a market economy and the period when it took place, plant the seeds of vulnerability that made transition countries (the region excluding Turkey) more prone to crisis than developing countries generally? Did choices made on the road from plan to market shape the ability of affected countries to recover from the crisis? What structural reforms do transition countries need to undertake to address the most binding constraints to growth in a world where financial markets have become more discriminating and where capital flows to transition and developing countries are likely to be considerably lower than before the crisis? This report is structured as follows: chapter one of the book analyses how countries fell into recession and crisis, why not all of them were equally affected, and whether different policies could have positioned them better to face the crisis. Chapter two discusses rescue and stabilization and the role of international collective action. The next two chapters focus on policies for recovery, chapter three on restructuring bank, corporate and household debt and chapter four on scaling up social safety nets. Chapters five and six focus on reform, examining the binding constraints to growth and the policy agenda in the most important sectors identified by that analysis.
eBook