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In 2018, the remains of a large, luxurious 18th-century building and part of the city fortifications were uncovered in Montreal. The house was the second official residence of the intendant of New France. Built before 1713, it underwent major changes in 1726–1731 and in 1749, taking on the appearance of an hôtel particulier —a residence whose architecture and ornamentation were designed to reflect the noble status of its occupants. When the house was enlarged, the city’s fortifications were under construction. The fact that both structures were being worked on simultaneously had an impact on each of them. The remains uncovered reflect the complexity of developing a city within its fortifications, as well as the relationship among cities, their protection, and the natural environment, leading to a discussion of architectural convenance in New France, a concept in which a building must reflect its functions and the social status of its occupants.

Las vacilaciones con las que se procedió a la realización de las reformas fiscales en el Reino de Valencia tras la abolición de los fueros en 1707 generaron numerosos conflictos que impulsaron a la Monarquía a reforzar la autoridad del intendente. Con tal finalidad, se potenció la tramitación por la vía reservada de las decisiones que adoptaba en materia hacendística. Pero el considerable incremento de su poder que ello comportó favoreció su utilización de forma abusiva en beneficio propio o de la red clientelar articulada a su alrededor. No obstante, las relaciones que mantenía el intendente con las élites locales contribuyen a explicar el eco desigual que alcanzaron las denuncias de corrupción que se formularon a lo largo de la centuria. Abstract The hesitant application of the fiscal reforms implemented in the Kingdom of Valencia after the abolition of the regional laws in 1707 generated many conflicts that drove the Monarchy to reinforce the authority of the intendant. With this purpose, the Monarchy encouraged the reserved direct processing of the decisions adopted in financial matter. However, this caused a considerable increase of the intendant power that also implied the abusive usage for its own or the client network’s profit surrounding its figure. Nevertheless, the intendant relationships with the local elites explain the corruption accusations’ unequal eco throughout the century.

Most accounting literature based on the Foucauldian frame has explained the role of accounting in the imposition of a governmental programme over a population, without considering the consequences in terms of resistance. This paper analyses the state power exerted over populations by means of accounting and also the role of accounting in cases of contestation and resistance towards the various agents of government. To this end, we have studied the enactment, implementation and fall of the Instruccion de Intendentes (Instruction for Intendants) of 1718 in Spain, the roles of the different actors involved, and how accounting was used to defend these conceptions. The change in government by means of accounting is an example of what Foucault identified as the dynamic of discourses.

By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between science and state, knowledge and power--on the eve of the French Revolution. Charles Gillispie explores how the links between science and polity in France were related to governmental reform, modernization of the economy, and professionalization of science and engineering.

By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between science and state, knowledge and power--on the eve of the French Revolution. Charles Gillispie explores how the links between science and polity in France were related to governmental reform, modernization of the economy, and professionalization of science and engineering.

In this richly detailed study of Normandy in the seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries, Zoë Schneider vividly brings to life the teeming world of the local courts, with their magistrates and jailers, townspeople and peasants. Together they contested that vital border where the private world of families and property collided with the public commonwealth. Schneider chronicles the transformation of local governance after the mid-seventeenth century, as judges and their courts became the face of public order in the countryside, opening a new chapter in the debate over absolutism, sovereignty, and the nature of the state in early modern France. Hidden deep in the countryside of France lay early modern Europe's largest bureaucracy: twenty- to thirty-thousand royal bailiwick and seigneurial courts that served more than eighty-five percent of the king's subjects. The crown courts and lords' courts were far more than arenas of litigation, in the modern sense. They had become the nexus of local governance by the middle of the seventeenth century, a rich breeding ground for men who controlled the villages, towns, and bailiwicks of France. Yet even as the centralizing state was reaching its zenith under Louis XIV, the king's largest permanent bureaucracy became increasingly alienated and cut adrift from the crown, many decades before the French Revolution. Zoë A. Schneider has taught at Georgetown University and with the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

For this book R. R. Palmer has translated selections from the abundant writings of the versatile French political figure and writer Marc-Antoine Jullien, weaving them together with his own extensive commentary into an absorbing narrative of Jullien's life and times. Jullien's hopes and fears for the \"progress of humanity\" were typical of many of the French bourgeoisie in this turbulent period. His life coincided with the whole era of revolution in Europe and the Americas from 1775 to 1848: he was born in the year when armed rebellion against Britain began in America, he witnessed the fall of the Bastille as a schoolboy in Paris, joined the Jacobin club, took part in the Reign of Terror, advocated democracy, put his hopes in Napoleon Bonaparte, turned against him, and then welcomed his return from Elba. Under the restored Bourbons, he became an outspoken liberal, rejoiced in the revolution of 1830, had doubts about the July monarchy, welcomed the revolution of 1848, and died a few weeks before the election of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte as president of the Second Republic. Drawn from books, pamphlets, reports, letters, book reviews, magazine articles, poems, and private notes and memoranda, Jullien's comments are supplemented here by letters that his mother wrote during the early years of the French Revolution and by articles by Jullien's collaborators in theRevue Encyclopédique. In Palmer's skilled hands, these selected materials from a now forgotten life vividly portray France's transition from revolutionary republicanism and the Terror through the Napoleonic years to the more placid liberalism of the nineteenth century.

L’analyse de 25 entretiens de jeunes agriculteurs d’une commune montagnarde des Hautes-Alpes, L’Épine, au sein des Baronnies provençales, révèle le rôle de ces jeunes dans la constitution d’un système territorial s’apparentant à un modèle complexe d’agroécologie. L’analyse des dires à l’aide du logiciel d’analyse sémantique Hyperbase © permet d’identifier les formes variées d’agriculture pratiquées, qu’ils associent à d’autres activités sur le territoire. Les choix des jeunes agriculteurs contribuent à entretenir les paysages, à dynamiser le marché de consommation locale en favorisant des boucles courtes faisant intervenir les associations et les activités commerciales. Ces dynamiques s’inscrivent dans le territoire local à plusieurs échelles, du niveau communal aux aires de labellisation de produits agricoles, comme l’agneau de Sisteron et la lavande. Ces jeunes agriculteurs contribuent à une intendance du territoire, mais la question est de savoir si la dynamique en cours s’émancipe des contraintes générales, comme les systèmes de subventions et les blocages du foncier. The analysis of 25 interviews with young farmers in a mountain municipality of the Hautes-Alpes, L’Épine, within the Provençal Baronnies region, reveals the role of these young people in the constitution of a territorial system resembling a complex model of agroecology. The analysis of their statements using the Hyperbase © semantic analysis software makes it possible to identify the various forms of agriculture practised, which they associate with other activities in the territory. The choices made by young farmers help to maintain the landscape and to boost the local consumer market by encouraging short loops involving associations and commercial activities. These dynamics are part of the local territory on several levels, from the communal level to the labelling areas for agricultural products, such as Sisteron lamb and lavender. These young farmers contribute to a stewardship of the territory, but the question is whether the dynamics underway are free from general constraints, such as subsidy systems and land blockages.