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Belonging in an adopted world
Since the early 1990s, transnational adoptions have increased at an astonishing rate, not only in the United States, but worldwide. In Belonging in an Adopted World, Barbara Yngvesson offers a penetrating exploration of the consequences and implications of this unprecedented movement of children, usually from poor nations to the affluent West. Yngvesson illuminates how the politics of adoption policy has profoundly affected the families, nations, and children involved in this new form of social and economic migration. Starting from the transformation of the abandoned child into an adoptable resource for nations that give and receive children in adoption, this volume examines the ramifications of such gifts, especially for families created through adoption and later, the adopted adults themselves. Bolstered by an account of the author’s own experience as an adoptive parent, and fully attuned to the contradictions of race that shape our complex forms of family, Belonging in an Adopted World explores the fictions that sustain adoptive kinship, ultimately exposing the vulnerability and contingency behind all human identity.
eBook
Lion
\"The miraculous and triumphant story of a young man who rediscovers not only his childhood life and home...but an identity long-since left behind\"-- Provided by publisher.
Subsidiarity and the Best Interests of the Child
In the context of adoption, subsidiarity is the principle that children should remain with their birth families whenever possible, and whenever not possible, that in-country placements should take precedence over intercountry adoption. This Comment looks at the specific meaning of subsidiarity in the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Kespect of Intercountry Adoption. It highlights that the convention does not require intercountry adoption be a last resort, but rather that \"due consideration\" be given to placements \"within the State of origin. \" Then, the Comment looks at the domestic law of India, Colombia, and South Korea, three of the main sending countries in intercountry adoption, as case studies to see how these countries have implemented subsidiarity over time. It reveals a broad trend of these countries implementing stricter and stricter conceptions of subsidiarity over time and concludes thatpresently all three countries go far beyond what the convention requires, potentially in ways that undermine the best interests of the child.
Journal Article
A long way home
\"The miraculous and triumphant story of a young man who rediscovers not only his childhood life and home...but an identity long-since left behind\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Blood, Sweat and Dummy Tummies: Kin Labour and Transnational Surrogacy in India
How do the actors involved in transnational surrogacy negotiate anxieties about global inequities that underpin these services? In this ethnography of transnational surrogacy in India, I analyze what I call the \"kin labour\" done by the Indian surrogates and the (often international) intended mother to downplay these anxieties. Kin labour includes the labour of forging ties with the baby as well as forming ties of sisterhood, sending gifts, and writing letters to intended mothers. I argue that while at one level this kin labour sustains relationships beyond contracts and across borders of race, class and nationality, at another level it ultimately reifies structural inequalities within transnational contractual surrogacy. Comment les acteurs engagés dans la maternité de substitution transnationale négocient-ils les angoisses d'inéquités mondiales sous-jacentes à ces services? Dans cette ethnographie de l'activité des mères porteuses en Inde, j'analyse ce que j'appelle le « travail de parenté » produit par les mères porteuses indiennes et celui des mères d'intention (souvent internationales) pour minimiser ces angoisses. Le « travail de parenté » comprend non seulement les efforts pour tisser des liens avec le bébé, mais aussi d'autres formes d'entreprises (tisser des liens de sororité, envoyer des cadeaux, écrire des lettres) de la part des mères porteuses et des mères d'intention pour établir et maintenir des liens entre elles. J'avance l'argument qu'à un niveau, ce travail de parenté soutient les relations au-delà des contrats et au travers des frontières de races, de classes et de nationalités; mais, à un autre niveau, au bout du compte, il réifie les inégalités structurales au sein des contrats transnationaux de maternité de substitution.
Journal Article
A Comparison of Adoptive Parents’ Perceptions of their Child’s Behavior among Indian Children Adopted to Norway, the United States, and Within Country
The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children suggests that intercountry adoption be considered as a permanent care option only after other solutions within the child’s country of origin have been exhausted. Data from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were examined for 478 Indian children ages 4–18 adopted domestically, adopted to Norway, and adopted to the United States. The CBCL has a reported reliability of. 9 (Achenbach, 1991; Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983) and contains five subscales assessing internalizing problems plus a summative Internalizing Scale, and three subscales assessing externalizing problems plus a summative Externalizing Scale. Perceptions of Norwegian, American, and Indian adoptive parents regarding their child’s functioning were compared. Children adopted to Norway and the United States were perceived by their parents to be functioning significantly better behaviorally than children adopted within country, while controlling for age of child and gender of adoptive parent completing the CBCL. Policymakers should examine the evidence prioritizing within country adoption over intercountry adoption.
Journal Article
Calcutta calling
\"Business Process Outsourcing\" is the fastest growing industry in the world. In India, approximately 350,000 people are currently working in call centres to maintain the contact between western companies and their customers. Vikhee Uppal is one of them. From a busy office in Calcutta, he pretends to be a guy named Ethan Reed and calls Americans, Brits and Australians to try and sell them cell phones and subscriptions. Vikhee hopes to make it in this sector. On the bulletin board, we see that he and his colleagues keep track of who sells the most. The Americans are the most impolite: they yell at the salespeople and hang up on them. The English, on the contrary, are the most willing to listen to their sales pitch. Even though Vikhee pretends to be a westerner at work, Indian traditions remain very important for him. He wants to get married to a girl from Punjab, and if he doesn't succeed, his family will find a bride for him. At work, Vekhee gets tutored in English. Each night, he watches English soccer matches to see what the people on the other end of the line actually look like.
Streaming Video
Adaptation of adopted foreign children at mid-adolescence as indicated by aspects of health and risk taking ? a population study
There is very little data available on adaptation at adolescence after \"visible adoptions\" (children adopted from abroad), in terms of mental health, risk-taking and problem behaviour in comparison with nonadopted adolescents. This study describes such an outcome.
Data derived from self-reports from 125 adolescents aged 13-18 years who identified themselves as adopted, and who participated in two epidemiological surveys of 9329 adolescents. Their number was representative for children adopted from abroad. The other adolescents served as controls.
Family life styles showed no differences between groups. Health was similar to that of the controls. Foreign adopted adolescents significantly often evaluated themselves as shorter and with early puberty. The proportion of adopted girls with suicidal thoughts was significantly larger, they also reported school truancy, not using safety belts, sexual intercourse, unpleasant sexual encounters, and contact with illicit drugs more often than the controls. The stress of early puberty could only partly explain this.
Girls adopted from abroad, representing \"visible adoptions\", need additional attention and study during adolescence to expose causes for maladaption among some of them.
Journal Article
Families for Children: International Strategies to Build In-Country Capacity in the Philippines, Thailand, Romania, and India
Holt International Children's Services was founded in the 1950s to facilitate the adoption of Amerasian children in the aftermath of the Korean War. Today, its vision has expanded to encompass international policies, programs, and practices that will help establish nurturing, lifelong relationships for children. Working together with child welfare professionals and advocates, non-governmental organizations, and governments, Holt has helped to develop in-country, self-sustaining family resources for thousands of children. Efforts in the Philippines, Thailand, India, and Romania are highlighted.
Journal Article