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Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a phenomenon of increasing concern that affects various materials and sectors of society. MIC describes the effects, often negative, that a material can experience due to the presence of microorganisms. Unfortunately, although several research groups and industrial actors worldwide have already addressed MIC, discussions are fragmented, while information sharing and willingness to reach out to other disciplines are limited. A truly interdisciplinary approach, which would be logical for this material/biology/chemistry-related challenge, is rarely taken. In this review, we highlight critical non-biological aspects of MIC that can sometimes be overlooked by microbiologists working on MIC but are highly relevant for an overall understanding of this phenomenon. Here, we identify gaps, methods, and approaches to help solve MIC-related challenges, with an emphasis on the MIC of metals. We also discuss the application of existing tools and approaches for managing MIC and propose ideas to promote an improved understanding of MIC. Furthermore, we highlight areas where the insights and expertise of microbiologists are needed to help progress this field. The purpose of this review is to provide microbiologists with background information on the non-microbial aspects of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) to directly tackle the siloed nature of MIC research and encourage them to work on this important topic.

Background. Pediatric-onset Sjögren’s disease (pSjD) presents distinct clinical and serological features compared with the adult form (SjD). While adults more frequently exhibit sicca symptoms such as xerophthalmia and xerostomia, parotid swelling and cutaneous involvement are the most common clinical manifestations in pSjD. From a serological perspective, pediatric patients less frequently test positive for ANA and anti-SSA/SSB antibodies but tend to show higher levels of rheumatoid factor (RF). The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological characteristics of minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies between pediatric and adult patients with SjD.   Materials and Methods. The study included 18 consecutive patients with pSjD followed at an Italian pediatric rheumatology center and 54 consecutively evaluated adult SjD patients from an adult rheumatology unit. All biopsy samples were examined by an expert pathologist at each site according to the EULAR recommendations for standardized histopathological assessment of minor salivary gland biopsies.   Results. The surface area of biopsy specimens did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.551). Pediatric patients displayed significantly higher focus scores (p = 0.0227) and a greater prevalence of ectopic germinal centers, as evidenced by increased CD21 (52.94% vs. 16.22%, p = 0.005) and Bcl6 expression (47.06% vs. 8.11%, p = 0.0011). Lymphoepithelial lesions were also more frequent in the pediatric cohort (55.56% vs. 18.92%, p = 0.0065), as was fibrosis (66.67% vs. 29.73%, p = 0.031). No significant differences were observed for glandular atrophy (p = 0.687) or ductal dilation (p = 0.128). When stratified by disease onset relative to menarche, prepubertal-onset patients exhibited a higher frequency of germinal centers and lymphoepithelial lesions than those with postpubertal-onset disease (p < 0.05).   Conclusions. This study represents the first direct histopathological comparison of minor salivary gland biopsies between pediatric and adult patients with Sjögren’s disease. The findings confirm a more pronounced inflammatory pattern in pediatric patients, consistent with the higher clinical activity observed in this population. In particular, the increased frequency of ectopic germinal centers and lymphoepithelial lesions in prepubertal-onset cases suggests the possible involvement of age-dependent immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying early-onset pSjD. These results reinforce the pivotal role of minor salivary gland biopsy not only in diagnosis but also in disease prognostication, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and close clinical monitoring in pediatric patients.

Although many studies suggest that interdisciplinary research fosters creativity and breakthroughs, there has been no quantitative study to confirm this belief. In recent years, several indicators have been developed to measure novelty or disruption in research. Compared with the citation impact, this type of indicator can more directly characterize research quality and contribution. Based on the F1000 Prime database and Scopus datasets accessed via ICSR Lab, F1000 novelty tags and two disruption indices (DI 1 and DI 5 ) were used in this study for the assessment of research quality and contribution, and it was explored whether interdisciplinarity is more likely to produce novel or disruptive research. Interestingly, DI 1 and DI 5 exhibit different relationships with F1000 novelty tags; the reason for this may be that DI 5 highlights disruptive research within a given discipline and amplifies the disruptive signal within that discipline. Furthermore, it is found that interdisciplinarity (RS and LCDiv) is positively associated with F1000 novelty tags and the disruption indices (DI 1 and DI 5 ). As a result, it is demonstrated that interdisciplinarity helps to produce novel or disruptive research.

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of teacher training in History, emphasizing the importance of developing didactic and historical perspectives through an interdisciplinary approach to tackle the complexities of modern society. It advocates for the revival of critical and participatory citizenship education to foster a democratic culture in response to the rise of hate speech. The study examines research on teacher training in History conducted in North Patagonia, focusing on the role of History education in the new curriculum design and its integration with other social disciplines at the Secondary School of Río Negro (ESRN). Ultimately, the research aims to enhance initial teacher training by addressing the theoretical and epistemic complexities necessary for understanding the social world across historical and contemporary contexts.

Social science is entering a golden age, marked by the confluence of explosive growth in new data and analytic methods, interdisciplinary approaches, and a recognition that these ingredients are necessary to solve the more challenging problems facing our world. We discuss how developing a “lingua franca” can encourage more interdisciplinary research, providing two case studies (social networks and behavioral economics) to illustrate this theme. Several exemplar studies from the past 12 y are also provided. We conclude by addressing the challenges that accompany these positive trends, such as career incentives and the search for unifying frameworks, and associated best practices that can be employed in response.

Growing political pressure to find solutions to climate change is leading to increasing calls for multiple disciplines, in particular those that are not traditionally part of climate change research, to contribute new knowledge systems that can offer deeper and broader insights to address the problem. Recognition of the complexity of climate change compels researchers to draw on interdisciplinary knowledge that marries natural sciences with social sciences and humanities. Yet most interdisciplinary approaches fail to adequately merge the framings of the disparate disciplines, resulting in reductionist messages that are largely devoid of context, and hence provide incomplete and misleading analysis for decision-making. For different knowledge systems to work better together toward climate solutions, we need to reframe the way questions are asked and research pursued, in order to inform action without slipping into reductionism. We suggest that interdisciplinarity needs to be rethought. This will require accepting a plurality of narratives, embracing multiple disciplinary perspectives, and shifting expectations of public messaging, and above all looking to integrate the appropriate disciplines that can help understand human systems in order to better mediate action.

The city is a complex object. Some researchers look at its shape, others at its people, animals, ecology, policy, infrastructures, buildings, history, art, or technical networks. Some researchers analyse processes of in- or exclusion, gentrification, or social mobility; others biological evolution, traffic flows, or spatial development. Many combine these topics or add still more topics beyond this list. Some projects cross the boundaries of research and practice and engage in action research, while others pursue knowledge for the sake of curiosity. This volume embraces this variety of perspectives and provides an essential collection of methodologies for studying the city from multiple, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary perspectives. We start by recognizing that the complexity of the urban environment cannot be understood from a single vantage point. We therefore offer multiple methodologies in order to gather and analyse data about the city, and provide ways to connect and integrate these approaches. The contributors form a talented network of urban scholars and practitioners at the forefront of their fields. They offer hands-on methodological techniques and skills for data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they reveal honest and insightful reflections from behind the scenes. All methodologies are illustrated with examples drawn from the authors own research applying them in the city of Amsterdam. In this way, the volume also offers a rich collection of Amsterdam-based research and outcomes that may inform local urban practitioners and policy makers. Altogether, the volume offers indispensable tools for and aims to educate a new generation of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary-minded urban scholars and practitioners.

Measuring interdisciplinarity is a pertinent but challenging issue in quantitative studies of science. There seems to be a consensus in the literature that the concept of interdisciplinarity is multifaceted and ambiguous. Unsurprisingly, various different measures of interdisciplinarity have been proposed. However, few studies have thoroughly examined the validity and relations between these measures. In this study, we present a systematic review of these interdisciplinarity measures and explore their inherent relations. We examine these measures in relation to the Web of Science journal subject categories. Our results corroborate recent claims that the current measurements of interdisciplinarity in science studies are both confusing and unsatisfying. We find surprisingly deviant results when comparing measures that supposedly should capture similar features or dimensions of the concept of interdisciplinarity. We therefore argue that the current measurements of interdisciplinarity should be interpreted with much caution in science and evaluation studies, or in relation to science policies. We also question the validity of current measures and argue that we do not need more of the same, but rather something different in order to be able to measure the multidimensional and complex construct of interdisciplinarity.

Apparently, philosophy has nothing to do with performing arts, as its environment is purely theoretical and eminently abstract, while the word performance refers to the notions of operation, implementation, action. I propose here the reoccupation of the borders between philosophy and performance arts by means of a reflection on the following points: 1. What is the performance of philosophy?; 2. What can philosophy say about performance?; 3. Which are the possible forms of composition between philosophy and performing arts?

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the evolution of research trends in the field of agribusiness, identifying the most studied terms and themes from the conception of the term agribusiness up to the year 2020.   Theoretical Framework: In the integration of agriculture into industrial chains, the concepts of Agribusiness and Filière emerge. Gradually, an interdisciplinary field of study is structured. However, new elements begin to be faced: socio-environmental issues and technological development alter the dynamics of this field of study. Thus, it is necessary to structure a comprehensive knowledge of Agribusiness to understand this dynamic.   Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises bibliometric analysis in time series, using particularly the co-word technique. Data collection was carried out through the Scopus database, chosen for providing a broad view of the global and interdisciplinary scientific literature.   Results and Discussion: Terms such as \"agribusiness,\" \"agriculture,\" and \"agroindustry\" form the core of studies. The terms \"animal,\" \"economy/economic impact,\" and \"supply chains\" stand out for their high occurrence in all the periods analyzed.   Research Implications: A constancy of central themes and an evolution of peripheral themes in response to new environmental and technological challenges in agribusiness were observed.   Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature as one of the first articles exploring the dynamics and evolution of an interdisciplinary research field using bibliometric techniques.