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Purpose While it is known that digital transformation facilitates data flow in supply chains, its importance on green supply chain management (GSCM) has not been investigated concisely. This paper aims to expand the theory of digital transformation in GSCM by investigating the interconnections between these concepts and providing an integrative view of a smart green supply chain management (Smart GSCM). Design/methodology/approach This adopts a configurational perspective on digital transformation and supply chain management (SCM) to investigate the different dimensions of Smart GSCM and their contribution to green performance. Therefore, this paper analyzes data from 473 manufacturing companies using regression techniques. Findings The results show how smart supply chain contributes to green performance through managing green relationships (external GSCM activities) and establishing green operations (internal GSCM activities). Furthermore, this paper finds partial mediating effects for external and internal GSCM activities on green performance. These findings show that smart supply chain (i.e. digital transformation strategy and front-end technologies, supported by several back-end technologies) is directly associated with higher levels of GSCM. It is specifically associated with one of the internal dimensions of green operations, namely, green purchasing activities. Hence, the findings suggest that digital transformation alone is insufficient to achieve green performance, needing a GSCM configuration to mediate this effect. Practical implications This study calls attention to how managers should integrate these at least three different perspectives of SCM: digital transformation, external relationships and internal operations to increase green performance. Originality/value As the main contribution, this study provides a configurational and holistic understanding of the different dimensions and mechanisms in Smart GSCM.

In a recent study Akarsu and Dereli (Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 45:1211, 2013) discussed the dynamical reduction of a higher dimensional cosmological model which is augmented by a kinematical constraint characterized by a single real parameter, correlating and controlling the expansion of both the external (physical) and internal spaces. In that paper explicit solutions were found only for the case of three dimensional internal space ( n=3 ). Here we derive a general solution of the system using Lie group symmetry properties, in parametric form for arbitrary number n=1,2,3,… of internal dimensions. We also investigate the dynamical reduction of the model as a function of cosmic time t for various values of n and generate parametric plots to discuss cosmologically relevant results.

While different in vitro and in vivo skin models have been developed, no effective models for nanomaterial safety assessment exist.Depending on the application, the integration of critical functional elements may be prioritized into skin-on-chip models to emulate skin physiology, including structural cues, vascularization, and immune system components.Advances in skin tissue engineering and microfluidics technologies empower the next generation of skin-on-chip models that can recapitulate the complexity of skin physiology, with the potential of reducing and/or replacing in vivo models.The next generation of skin-on-chip models for nanomaterials risk assessment is expected to be multiplexed, embody real-time readouts, and potentially combined with artificial intelligence to manage and analyze toxicity endpoints.The validation and standardization of skin-on-chip models are crucial for further adoption by research and industry. The skin is the body’s largest organ, continuously exposed to and affected by natural and anthropogenic nanomaterials (materials with external and internal dimensions in the nanoscale range). This broad spectrum of insults gives rise to irreversible health effects (from skin corrosion to cancer). Organ-on-chip systems can recapitulate skin physiology with high fidelity and potentially revolutionize the safety assessment of nanomaterials. Here, we review current advances in skin-on-chip models and their potential to elucidate biological mechanisms. Further, strategies are discussed to recapitulate skin physiology on-chip, improving control over nanomaterials exposure and transport across cells. Finally, we highlight future opportunities and challenges from design and fabrication to acceptance by regulatory bodies and industry.

A bstract We study infinite-distance limits in the moduli space of perturbative string vacua. The remarkable interplay of string dualities seems to determine a highly non-trivial dichotomy, summarized by the emergent string conjecture, by which in some duality frame either internal dimensions decompactify or a unique critical string becomes tensionless. We investigate whether this pattern persists in potentially non-geometric settings, showing that (a proxy for) the cutoff of the gravitational effective field theory in perturbative type II vacua extracted from a graviton scattering amplitude vanishes if and only if a light tower of states appears. Moreover, under some technical assumptions on the spectrum of conformal weights, the cutoff scales with the spectral gap of the internal conformal field theory in the same manner as in decompactification or emergent string limits, regardless of supersymmetry or whether the internal sector is geometric. As a byproduct, we elucidate the role of the species scale in (de)compactifications and show compatibility between effective field theory and worldsheet approaches in geometric settings with curvature.

A bstract The AdS Distance Conjecture proposes to assign a notion of distance between AdS vacua in quantum gravity. We perform some initial developments of this idea. We first propose more sharply how to define a metric on conformal variations of AdS through the action. This metric is negative, making the distance ill-defined, a property relating to the famous conformal factor problem of quantum gravity. However, in string theory, variations of the AdS conformal factor are accompanied by variations of the internal dimensions and of the background flux. We propose an action metric , which accounts for all of these variations simultaneously. Accounting for the variations of the overall volume of the internal dimensions can flip the sign of the action metric making it positive. This positivity is related to the absence of scale separation between the internal and external dimensions: the negative external conformal contribution must be sub-dominant to the positive internal contribution. We then focus specifically on the families of solutions of eleven-dimensional supergravity on AdS 4 × S 7 and AdS 7 × S 4 . For these, there is only a single further additional contribution to the action metric coming from variations of the Freund-Rubin flux. This contribution is subtle to implement, and the unique prescription we find requires singling out the radial direction of AdS as special. Adding the flux contribution yields an overall total action metric which becomes positive for both the AdS 4 and AdS 7 families of solutions. The final result is therefore a procedure which yields a well-defined distance for these families of solutions.

In recent years, the significant residual stress in the wire-arc additively manufactured components has been continuously one of the most concerning issues for the further development of the wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology. Although many pre/post processing methods have been proved capable of modifying the residual stress, few works have been conducted to reduce the residual stress using appropriate path planning. In the present research, a WAAM path planning strategy is developed combining both zigzag and contour-offset methods, which aims to obtain a single WAAM deposition buildup layer with both optimal outline accuracy and residual stress status. The path planning and residual stress measurement processes have been carefully designed to acquire reasonable results. According to the residual stress results measured using X-ray diffraction method, the arc deposits finished with more contour-offset paths contain smaller tensile residual stresses, which is due to the hooping function of the outer contour deposit path to the inner deposit. Therefore, it can be concluded that the offsetting of the external contours before zigzag filling the internal dimensions is beneficial to both the residual stress distribution and shape outline accuracy of the WAAM buildup layer.

The discovery of ferrocene 1 heralded the advent of modern organometallic chemistry. Characterized by the π -coordination of a metal by one or two planar annulene anions, ferrocenes and their analogues 2 , 3 – 4 exemplify the archetype of out-of-plane annulene metal complexes. By contrast, the integration of metal within the annulene core to form in-plane annulene metal complexes featuring metal–carbon σ bonds has been obstructed not only by the synthetic difficulty and the non-planarity of annulenes with appropriate internal dimensions, but also by the difficulty of embedding the metal. These challenges have prevented the isolation of such in-plane annulene metal complexes. Here we report the preparation of three metal-centred planar [15]annulene frameworks. The most symmetrical fragment has D 5 h symmetry, with the metal centre shared by five identical five-membered rings. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that metal d orbitals participate in conjugation with these five-membered rings, rendering all of them aromatic. The overall framework bears a loose structural and spectroscopic analogy to metallo-expanded porphyrins with multiple aza donors 5 , which thus provides a nexus between annulene chemistry and classic heteroatom-based coordination chemistry. The present systems display high stability and are easily functionalized. We thus suggest that metal-centred planar annulenes could emerge as promising building blocks for materials science. An aromatic metallo-annulene, comprising a 15-carbon macrocycle enclosing an osmium complex, with the metal residing within the plane of the macrocycle is reported.

PurposeWe aimed to evaluate whether [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT could characterize the early stages of cardiac fibrosis in pressure overload heart failure.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) (n = 12) and sham surgery (n = 10). All rats were scanned with [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in the myocardium was detected by immunohistochemistry. [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET signal and FAP expression were compared between two groups.ResultsCompared with the sham group, the AAC group presented with decreased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) and increased left ventricular internal dimensions in diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) at 4 and 8 weeks (all p < 0.01). The AAC group showed higher [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 accumulation in the heart than the sham group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and FAPI increased significantly from 2 to 8 weeks (all p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the higher density of the FAP+ area in the AAC group. The intensity of the [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 correlated with the density of the FAP+ area (p < 0.001). The expression of the [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 at 4 weeks correlated with the deterioration of cardiac function at 8 weeks (EF: R =  − 0.87; FS: R =  − 0.72; LVIDd: R = 0.77; LVIDs: R = 0.79; all p < 0.001). The AAC group also showed an increased [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 signal in the liver, peaking at 4 weeks and then declining. Cardiac and liver PET signals correlated at 4 weeks in the AAC group (R = 0.69, p = 0.0010), suggesting an early fibrotic link between organs. A combination of the [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 intensity in the heart and liver at 4 weeks better predicted the deterioration of cardiac function at 8 weeks.ConclusionsThe activated fibroblasts in the heart and liver after pressure overload can be monitored by [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT, which reveals an early fibrotic link in cardio-liver interactions and could better predict nonischemic heart failure prognosis.

Platform firms in the digital economy face a critical challenge: balancing differentiation-driven competitive strategies with the need for institutional legitimacy. While existing research recognizes this tension, current frameworks inadequately address how governance mechanisms mediate strategic positioning in trust-sensitive sharing economy contexts. This study integrates Porterian positioning theory with platform boundary theory to analyze 33 chinese sharing platforms through fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), examining configurations of three external positioning dimensions (variety-based, gender-based, and region-based differentiation) and two internal governance dimensions (resource ownership and transaction process differentiation). Our analysis identifies two equifinal success pathways: (1) An aggressive strategy combining market pioneering in user segmentation with cautious transaction governance, and (2) a conservative strategy aligning geographic specialization with institutional compliance in resource ownership. Both pathways demonstrate that governance mechanisms compensate for the legitimacy risks inherent in differentiation strategies, with platform performance contingent on strategic coherence between external positioning and internal governance architectures. Three key theoretical advances emerge: First, integrating Porterian positioning theory with platform boundary theory, we demonstrate how governance dimensions serve as compensatory tools that enable radical market differentiation in sharing economy platforms without legitimacy erosion, a trade-off insufficiently addressed in prior distinctiveness theory research. Second, building on configuration theory, in the context of the sharing economy, we solve the theoretical tensions in the distinctiveness-performance relationship by demonstrating configurational equifinality—both radical and conservative strategies succeed when external and internal dimensions achieve strategic coherence. Third, advancing research of sharing user participation, we establish that participation in trust-sensitive sharing platforms depends on strategic alignment between positioning and governance dimensions rather than isolated optimization of individual dimensions. These contextualized findings provide managers with evidence-based frameworks to coordinate market positioning strategies with governance investments, particularly when operating in institutionally complex environments. The demonstrated mechanisms in China’s sharing economy warrant future verification in other platform types and cultural contexts.

The production of intense proton beams in CEA Saclay started in the 90’s with the development of the SILHI source to inject the IPHI accelerator. This ECR ion source is still in operation nowadays. ECR plasma is a well-known heating process and plasma chamber internal dimensions were investigated in order to reduce size and maintenance time. In 2012 R&D investigations on those simple plasma chamber parameters were started with the design of the first ALISES ion source that will give birth to a new source family still in progress today. This paper will summarize the different steps of this development.