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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE ON NEIGHBOURHOOD LIVEABILITY IN CYBERJAYA, MALAYSIA: A GLOBAL TECHNOLOGICAL HUB
The phenomenon of rapid urbanisation that has occurred since the 1950s has presented opportunities for growth and innovation in cities, primarily through the utilisation of urban agglomerations and economies of scale. Urban areas encounter diverse obstacles that restrict their ability to provide services to inhabitants and hinder the achievement of a sustainable urban future for the residents. This research examines the issue of urban functional weakness, with a specific emphasis on the emergence of a global technology hub such as Cyberjaya, Malaysia. This study analyses the relocation behaviours of the residents, with a focus on the international community, and it identifies the inadequate public infrastructure as the primary factor contributing to liveability issues within the urban area. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilising both quantitative data collection and in-depth interviews, to support its findings. This study examines the impact of social variables and public infrastructure on neighbourhood liveability and design quality. The findings suggest that social variables play a significant role in neighbourhood live ability, while public infrastructure has a positive effect on both liveability and design quality.
Journal Article
Voices from Syrian Minors as Refugees: Expectations from the International Community
Syria has been afflicted with a civil war that has turned into a humanitarian and refugee crisis. Millions of people have had to leave their homes to find safer places to survive. This recent refugee crisis has been considered as a serious social phenomenon that should be scrutinized using a scientific lens to understand what is being experienced by the victims of the war. In this respect, this qualitative study aims to investigate why the civil war in Syria broke out and why it still continues. The article also discusses the expectations of Syrian refugee minors from the international community. The refugees expect the international community to solve their long-standing problems and challenges. The results of the study revealed that Syrian minors expect the international community to solve their problems including inadequate access to health services and educational opportunities, food and accommodation, and forced child marriage. In addition, Syrian minors were found to be unaware of potential ways to overcome difficulties and seek solutions for the problems they suffer from.
Journal Article
Rethinking epistemic communities twenty years later
The concept of epistemic communities – professional networks with authoritative and policy-relevant expertise – is well-known thanks to a 1992 special issue of International Organization. Over the past twenty years, the idea has gained some traction in International Relations scholarship, but has not evolved much beyond its original conceptualisation. Much of the research on epistemic communities has been limited to single case studies in articles, rather than broader comparative works, and has focused narrowly on groups of scientists. As a result, it is often assumed, erroneously, that epistemic communities are only comprised of scientists, and that the utility of the concept for understanding International Relations is quite narrow. Consequently, an otherwise promising approach to transnational networks has become somewhat marginalised over the years. This article revisits the concept of epistemic communities twenty years later and proposes specific innovations to the framework. In an increasingly globalising world, transnational actors are becoming progressively more numerous and influential. Epistemic communities are certainly at the forefront of these trends, and a better understanding of how they form and operate can give us a clear demonstration of how knowledge translates into power.
Journal Article
Measuring Relational and Intrapersonal Empowerment: Testing Instrument Validity in a Former Soviet Country with a Secular Muslim Culture
Research and evaluation studies measuring the construct of empowerment within international community development and human rights initiatives are rare due to a lack of validated measures appropriate for the cultural context. This study represents an initial effort to develop and test the Brief Azerbaijani Empowerment Scale (BAES), an instrument designed to assess relational and intrapersonal components of psychological empowerment among adult community residents (n = 350) in Azerbaijan, a former Soviet country with a predominantly Muslim culture. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the underlying dimensionality of the BAES, and path analysis was used to examine relationships between subscales of the BAES and a set of conceptually relevant variables (i.e., alienation, sense of community, and involvement in community organizations). Findings supported the reliability and validity of the BAES, which may be useful to future efforts to develop more comprehensive measures of intrapersonal and relational empowerment. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Journal Article
Revolutionary doctors : how Venezuela and Cuba are changing the world's conception of health care
\"Revolutionary Doctors gives readers a first-hand account of Venezuela's innovative and inspiring program of community healthcare, designed to serve--and largely carried out by--the poor themselves. Drawing on long-term participant observations as well as in-depth research, Brouwer tells the story of Venezuela's Integral Community Medicine program, in which doctor-teachers move into the countryside and poor urban areas to recruit and train doctors from among peasants and workers. Such programs were first developed in Cuba, and Cuban medical personnel play a key role in Venezuela today as advisors and organizers. This internationalist model has been a great success--Cuba is a world leader in medicine and medical training--and Brouwer shows how the Venezuelans are now, with the aid of their Cuban counterparts, following suit. But this program is not without its challenges. It has faced much hostility from traditional Venezuelan doctors as well as all the forces antagonistic to the Venezuelan and Cuban revolutions. Despite the obstacles it describes, Revolutionary Doctors demonstrates how a society committed to the well-being of its poorest people can actually put that commitment into practice, by delivering essential healthcare through the direct empowerment of the people it aims to serve\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO THE CHECHEN WARS
The aim of this essay is to assess the impact of the Chechen Wars on the international community and to analyze the motives behind the modest international response to the issue. While the first section of the paper provides an overview of the conflicts, their background and their nature, the second section analyzes the international context in which the wars occurred and attempts to offer scholarly results to the following questions: What caused the indifferent international reaction to the Chechen Wars? What was different in these wars that prompted the neglect of the Western policy makers?
Journal Article