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Belgium was a major hub for transnational movements. By taking this small and yet significant European country as a focal point, the book critically examines major issues in modern history, including nationalism, colonial expansion, debates on the nature of international relations and campaigns for political and social equality.Now available in paperback, this study explores an age in which many groups and communities – from socialists to scientists – organised themselves across national borders. The timeframe covers the rise of international movements and associations before the First World War, the conflagration of 1914 and the emergence of new actors such as the League of Nations. The book acknowledges the changing framework for transnational activism, including its interplay with domestic politics and international institutions.By tracing international movements and ideas, the book aims to reveal and explain the multifarious and sometimes contradictory nature of internationalism.

This is a definitive and comprehensive history of international organizations from their very beginning at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 up to the present day, and provides the reader with nearly two centuries of world history seen from the perspective of international organizations. It covers the three main fields of international relations: security, economics and the humanitarian domain which often overlap in international organizations. As well as global and intercontinental organizations, the book also covers regional international organizations and international non-governmental organizations in all continents. The book progresses chronologically but also provides a thematic and geographical coherence so that related developments can be discussed together. A series of detailed tables, figures, charts and information boxes explain the chronologies, structures and relationships of international organizations. There are biographies, histories and analysis of hundreds of international organizations. This is an essential reference work with direct relevance to scholars in international relations, international political economy, international economics and business and security studies. 1. International organizations as a cooperation between governments and citizens 2. 1815: the invention of the multilateral conference plus follow-up conference 3. The Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine and burgeoning free trade 4. Citizens organizing transnationally 5. The International Red Cross made responsible for the Geneva Convention 6. Arbitration and international law as normative powers 7. The 1899 and 1907 peace conferences: the Hague system 8. Creation of public international unions 1865-1914 9. Standardization and intellectual property recognized internationally 10. Regulation of international shipping, railway and road traffic 11. International organizations and continental markets 1860-1910 12. International business 13. Rising international emancipation movements 14. The international foundation of the welfare state 15. World war and the creation of the League of Nations 16. Great powers and collective security during the interwar period 17. The workings of the International Labour Organization 18. The League of Nations’ economic and social activities 19. International cooperation during the Second World War 20. The United Nations: an improved security organization with economic coordination 21. The United Nations system 22. Collective security in a bipolar world 23. Regional alliances of the 1940s and 1950s 24. The Bretton Woods institutions and their laborious beginnings 25. Early European economic cooperation 26. Decolonization, anti-apartheid and peaceful coexistence 27. The UN Development Decade: North versus South 28. The G7 undermining the UN system 29. Influence of non-governmental organizations 30. Human rights as normative power 31. Highlighting the Cold War 32. Reagonomics, IMF and economic adjustment 33. The end of the Cold War 34. A new world order and an agenda for peace? 35. From GATT to World Trade Organization 36. Free trade versus environment and the welfare state 37. IMF, IBRD and WTO criticized 38. Continued and new regionalism 39. Harming collective security 40. International Organizations since 1815 Appendix: Nation-states in the international system since 1815 'This magnum opus will become the standard text on the history of international organizations for years to come. Bob Reinalda provides the most comprehensive overview of the development, strengths and weaknesses of international organizations since the early days of the Concert of Europe. The volume's interdisciplinary scope, combining international relations, history and international law, is simply unmatched. It will be an essential reference guide for scholars and practitioners alike.' Dennis Dijkzeul, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany 'An Indispensable reference for the student of international affairs interested in diplomatic history or contemporary politics, from the Congress of Vienna to the age of globalization. Analysis of context plus documentary texts renders the book particularly attractive.' Ilter Turan, Professor, Department of International Relations, Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey 'This thorough and comprehensive history will be the starting point for historians of international organizations for many years to come.' Craig N. Murphy, Wellesley College, USA \"Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-level undergraduates and above.\" - D. Liestman, CHOICE (May 2010) Bob Reinalda is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the Department of Political Science, Nijmegen School of Management at Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He has written extensively about the history of social movements, non-governmental organizations, autonomous policy making by, decision making within and implementation by intergovernmental organizations, and the Bologna Process.

As International Organization commemorates its seventy-fifth anniversary, the Liberal International Order (LIO) that authors in this journal have long analyzed is under challenge, perhaps as never before. The articles in this issue explore the nature of these challenges by examining how the Westphalian order and the LIO have co-constituted one another over time; how both political and economic dynamics internal to the LIO threaten its core aspects; and how external threats combine with these internal dynamics to render the LIO more fragile than ever before. This introduction begins by defining and clarifying what is “liberal,” “international,” and “orderly” about the LIO. It then discusses some central challenges to the LIO, illustrated by the contributors to this issue as well as other sources. Finally, we reflect on the analytical lessons we have learned—or should learn—as the study of the LIO, represented by scholarship in International Organization, has sometimes overlooked or marginalized dynamics that now appear central to the functioning, and dysfunction, of the order itself.

\"Academics and policy makers frequently discuss global governance but they treat governance as a structure or process, rarely considering who actually does the governing. This volume focuses on the agents of global governance: 'global governors'. The global policy arena is filled with a wide variety of actors such as international organizations, corporations, professional associations and advocacy groups, all seeking to 'govern' activity surrounding their issues of concern. Who Governs the Globe? lays out a theoretical framework for understanding and investigating governors in world politics. It then applies this framework to various governors and policy arenas, including arms control, human rights, economic development, and global education. Edited by three of the world's leading international relations scholars, this is an important contribution that will be useful for courses, as well as for researchers in international studies and international organisations\"-- Provided by publisher.

What does globalization mean for the principle of state sovereignty and for the power and functioning of states? Whereas realists assert the continued importance of states, constructivists contend that various political entities as well as the logic of globalization itself undermine state sovereignty. Drawing on the state formation literature and on social theory, particularly the works of Weber and Foucault, Iver B. Neumann and Ole Jacob Sending question the terms of the realist-constructionist debate. Through detailed case studies, they demonstrate that states use nongovernmental organizations and international organizations indirectly to enforce social order and, ultimately, to increase their own power. At the same time, global politics is dominated by a liberal political rationality that states ignore at their peril. While states remain as strong as ever, they operate within a global polity of new hierarchies among states and between states and other actors.