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"Intersubjectivity."
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Agents without agency
This article assesses the role of the audience in securitization theory. The main argument is that in order to accurately capture the role of the securitization audience, it must be theorized as an active agent, capable of having a meaningful effect on the intersubjective construction of security values. Through a meta-synthesis of 32 empirical studies of securitization, this article focuses on two central questions: (1) Who is the audience? (2) How does the audience engage in the construction of security? When assessed against the theoretical works on securitization, this analysis reveals that the manner in which the audience is defined and characterized within securitization theory differs with the empirical literature that investigates securitization processes. Where the empirical literature suggests securitization is a highly intersubjective process involving active audiences, securitization theory characterizes audiences as agents without agency, thereby marginalizing the theory’s intersubjective nature. This article sketches a new characterization of the securitization audience and outlines a framework for securitizing actor–audience interaction that better accounts for securitization theory’s linguistic and intersubjective character, addresses this theoretical/empirical conflict, and improves our understanding of how groups select and justify security priorities and costly security policies.
Journal Article
Disruption and the theory of the interaction order
Micro-sociological theory has traditionally stressed interactional pressures towards alignment: actors’ attempts to co-construct a shared definition of the situation. We argue that this model provides an insufficient account of the coordination of action and of the emergence of intersubjectivity among actors. To complement the focus on alignment, we develop a theory of disruption—a perceived misalignment of the dramaturgical structure of interaction in coordinating expected lines of action. We develop a theory of the interaction order that takes the interplay between interactional alignment and disruption as a foundational challenge both for sociology and for actors in their everyday lives. We focus on the practical ways in which actors negotiate both interactional breaches and wider relational ruptures, and how they differentiate between
disruptions-of
relations and
disruptions-for
them. By doing so, we connect the interaction order to a wider relational order, providing a bridge between micro-level interactionism and the sociology of culture.
Journal Article
Gender/Sex, Sexual Orientation, and Identity Are in the Body: How Did They Get There?
In this review, I explore theoretical and empirical approaches to the development of gender/sex and sexual orientation (SO). Leaving behind the nature versus nurture opposition, I look at both identities as deeply embodied. My approach intertwines sex, gender, orientation, bodies, and cultures without a demand to choose one over the other. First, I introduce basic definitions, focusing on how intertwined the concepts of sex and gender really are. I affirm recent trends to consider a new term-gender/sex-as the best way to think about these deeply interwoven bodily traits. I introduce several literatures, each of which considers the processes by which traits become embodied. These points of view offer a basis for future work on identity development. Specifically, and selectively, I provide insights from the fields of phenomenology, dyadic interaction and the formation of presymbolic representations in infancy, and dynamic systems in infant development. I consider how thinking about embodied cognition helps to address intersubjectivity and the emergence of subjective identity. Next, I review what we currently know about the development of complex sexual systems in infancy and toddlerhood. Finally, I discuss the few existing theories of SO development that consider the events of infancy and childhood.
Journal Article
INTERSUBJECTIVITY AND INTERPLAY IN NURSERY SCHOOL: PLAYING AND THE BABY’S PSYCHIC CONSTITUTION
ABSTRACT The article addresses intersubjectivity, highlighting one of its indicators, interplay, in order to reflect about the importance of playful constructions between adults and small children in psychic development. The skit chosen for analysis was extracted from diaries constructed from observations-interventions in a nursery class, in order to investigate the potency of playful interaction in the pair: adult and baby. The permanence of babies in nursery school makes professionals monitor many acquisitions in the baby’s development. In this way, the results indicate that the presence of the adult in the play scene allows new experiments for the baby, which can be a support in their psychic development. RESUMO O artigo aborda a intersubjetividade, com destaque para um de seus indicadores, a interludicidade, a fim de pensar a importância das construções lúdicas entre o adulto e a pequena criança no desenvolvimento psíquico. O esquete escolhido para análise foi extraído de diários construídos a partir de observações-intervenções em uma turma de berçário, a fim de investigar a potência da interação lúdica na dupla: adulto e bebê. A permanência dos bebês na creche faz com que os profissionais acompanhem muitas aquisições no desenvolvimento do bebê. Dessa forma, os resultados apontam que a presença do adulto na cena do brincar possibilita novas experimentações ao bebê, as quais podem ser suporte para o seu desenvolvimento psíquico. RESUMEN En el artículo se aborda la intersubjetividad, con hincapié para uno de sus indicadores, la Inter claridade, con la finalidad de pensar la importancia de las construcciones lúdicas entre el adulto y el pequeño niño, en el desarrollo psíquico. La encuesta elegida para análisis se extrae de diarios construidos a partir de observaciones-intervenciones en un grupo de guardería, con la finalidad de investigar la potencia de la interacción lúdica en la pareja: adulto y bebé. La permanencia de los bebés en la guardería hace con que los profesionales acompañen muchas adquisiciones en el desarrollo del bebé. De esta manera, los resultados apuntan que la presencia del adulto en la escena del jugar posibilita nuevas experimentaciones al bebé, las cuales pueden ser soporte en su desarrollo psíquico.
Journal Article
A Relational Theory of World Politics
Culture matters in social theory construction because the metaphysical component of the theoretical hard core is primarily shaped by the background knowledge of a cultural community. Individual rationality, a key concept abstracted from Western culture, constitutes the nucleus for much of mainstream Western International Relations Theory. This article proposes a relational theory of world politics with relationality as the metaphysical component of its theoretical hard core. It conceives the International Relations (IR) world as one composed of ongoing relations, assumes international actors as actors-in-relations, and takes processes defined in terms of relations in motion as ontologically significant. It puts forward the logic of relationality, arguing that actors base their actions on relations in the first place. It uses the Chinese zhongyong dialectics as its epistemological schema for understanding relationships in an increasingly complex world. This theoretical framework may enable us to see the IR world from a different perspective, reconceptualize key elements such as power and governance, and make a broader comparison of international systems for the enrichment of the Global IR project.
Journal Article