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Given the anthropological focus on ethnography as a kind of deep immersion, the interview poses theoretical and methodological challenges for the discipline. This volume explores those challenges and argues that the interview should be seen as a special, productive site of ethnographic encounter, a site of a very particular and important kind of knowing. In a range of social contexts and cultural settings, contributors show how the interview is experienced and imagined as a kind of space within which personal, biographic and social cues and norms can be explored and interrogated. The interview possesses its own authenticity, therefore—true to the persons involved and true to their moment of interaction—whilst at the same time providing information on human capacities and proclivities that is generalizable beyond particular social and cultural contexts.

This article discusses the project to record interviews with Papua New Guineans about their experiences of the Pacific War between 1942 and 1945, which was very much a critical juncture in the course of Papua New Guinean history. It examines how Papua New Guineans' encounters with the War that devastated their land have been portrayed, and suggests that an exploration featuring Papua New Guineans in the telling of their own experiences with the War derives from the argument by the late Epeli Hau'ofa that they should be active participants in the reconstruction of their histories and the creation of their realities.

Plagued by doubt and methodological unease, two researchers from a large Australian study resolve their quandary by revisiting methodological literature related to narrative inquiry, visual approaches and contemporary interviewing to find that the application of poststructuralist theory to methodology provides a useful way of addressing their concerns. Before embarking on extensive writing about the project, they trouble issues of data authenticity, analytic integrity and the problem of voice. The main value of this deliberation is its applicability to the wider discourse about contemporary qualitative inquiry that other researchers facing analytical dilemmas may also find helpful.

This is designed for those learning qualitative research and those more advanced in the field. It focuses on understanding both the cognitive processes of qualitative research and the affective \"feel\" engendered.

A Guide to Imagework is a pioneering guide to a new trend in ethnographic research: the use of imaginative, experiential methods such as dreamwork, artwork, Gestalt theory and psychodrama. Originating in group counselling and psychiatric therapy, imagework techniques explore subjects' imaginative resources to reveal unconscious knowledge about identity, belief and society. They are ideal for accessing rich qualitative data about how individuals and cultures function. Iain Edgar, a leading specialist on ethnographic method, has condensed top-level research theory on imagework into this handy practical manual. Complete with case studies and examples, hands-on tips and guidance on methods and ethics, it is an ideal starting point for any imagework project.

It is shown that the various influences on what informants report can be identified and their influence on those reports assessed in ethnography. A case study that illustrates the virtues of the Reflexive Analytical approach to ethnographic data validation and analysis and centers around 67 interviews about food avoidances of people living in Zaire's Ituri Forest is presented.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Minorities have lower adherence to cardiovascular medications and have worst cardiovascular outcomes post coronary stent placement OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of phone-delivered Motivational Interviewing (MINT) to an educational video at improving adherence to antiplatelet medications among insured minorities. DESIGN This was a randomized study. PARTICIPANTS We identified minorities with a recently placed coronary stent from an administrative data set by using a previously validated algorithm. INTERVENTIONS MINT subjects received quarterly phone calls and the DVD group received a one-time mailed video. MAIN MEASURES Outcome variables were collected at baseline and at 12-month post-stent, using surveys and administrative data. The primary outcome was antiplatelet (clopidogrel and prasugrel) adherence measured by Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) and self- reported adherence (Morisky score). We also measured appropriate adherence defined as an MPR ≥ 0.80. KEY RESULTS We recruited 452 minority subjects with a new coronary stent (44 % Hispanics and 56 % Black). The patients had a mean age of 69.5 ± 8.8, 58 % were males, 78 % had an income lower than $30,000 per year and only 22 % had achieved high school education or higher. The MPR for antiplatelet medications was 0.77 for the MINT group compared to 0.70 for the DVD group ( p  < 0.05). The percentage of subjects with adequate adherence to their antiplatelet medication was 64 % in the MINT group and 50 % in the DVD group ( p  < 0.01). Self-reported adherence at 12 months was higher in the MINT group compared to the DVD group ( p  < 0.01). Results were similar among drug-eluting stent (DES) recipients. CONCLUSIONS Among racial minorities, a phone-based motivational interview is effective at improving adherence to antiplatelet medications post coronary stent placement. Phone-based MINT seems to be a promising and cost-effective strategy to modify risk behaviors among minority populations at high cardiovascular risk.

Objectives. To test the effectiveness of a preclinical, telephone-based patient navigation intervention to encourage colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among older Black men. Methods. We conducted a 3-parallel-arm, randomized trial among 731 self-identified Black men recruited at barbershops between 2010 and 2013 in New York City. Participants had to be aged 50 years or older, not be up-to-date on CRC screening, have uncontrolled high blood pressure, and have a working telephone. We randomized participants to 1 of 3 groups: (1) patient navigation by a community health worker for CRC screening (PN), (2) motivational interviewing for blood pressure control by a trained counselor (MINT), or (3) both interventions (PLUS). We assessed CRC screening completion at 6-month follow-up. Results. Intent-to-treat analysis revealed that participants in the navigation interventions were significantly more likely than those in the MINT-only group to be screened for CRC during the 6-month study period (17.5% of participants in PN, 17.8% in PLUS, 8.4% in MINT; P < .01). Conclusions. Telephone-based preclinical patient navigation has the potential to be effective for older Black men. Our results indicate the importance of community-based health interventions for improving health among minority men.

Background A TKA is the most effective and cost-effective surgical option for moderate to severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Yet, black patients are less willing to undergo knee replacement surgery than white patients. Decision aids help people understand treatment options and consider the personal importance of possible benefits and harms of treatments, including TKA. Questions/purposes We asked: ( 1) Does a patient-centered intervention consisting of a decision aid for knee OA and motivational interviewing improve the proportion of referrals of blacks with knee OA to orthopaedic surgery? (2) Does the intervention increase patients’ willingness to undergo TKA? Methods Adults who self-identified as black who were at least 50 years old with moderate to severe knee OA were enrolled from urban primary care clinics in a two-group randomized, controlled trial. A total of 1253 patients were screened for eligibility, and 760 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria, declining to participate, or other reasons. Four hundred ninety-three patients were randomized and completed the intervention; three had missing referral data at followup. The mean age of the patients was 61 years, and 51% were women. The majority had an annual household income less than USD 15,000. Participants in the treatment group were shown a decision-aid video and had a brief session with a trained counselor in motivational interviewing. Participants in the control group received an educational booklet about OA that did not mention joint replacement. The two groups had comparable demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The primary outcome was referral to orthopaedic surgery 12 months after treatment exposure. Receipt of referral was defined as the receipt of a recommendation or prescription from a primary care provider for orthopaedic evaluation. The secondary outcome was change in patient willingness to undergo TKA based on patient self-report. Results The odds of receiving a referral to orthopaedic surgery did not differ between the two study groups (36%, 90 of 253 of the control group; 32%, 76 of 240 of the treatment group; odds ratio [OR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56–1.18; p = 0.277). At 2 weeks followup, there was no difference between the treatment and the control groups in terms of increased willingness to consider TKA relative to baseline (34%, 67 of 200 patients in the treatment group; 33%, 68 of 208 patients in the control group; OR, 1.06; p = 0.779). At 12 months followup, the percent increase in willingness to undergo TKA still did not differ between patients in the treatment and control groups (29%, 49 of 174 in the treatment group; 27%, 51 of 191 in the control group; OR, 1.10; p = 0.679). Conclusion A combination decision aid and motivational interviewing strategy was no better than an educational pamphlet in improving patients’ preferences toward joint replacement surgery for knee OA. The type of intervention treatment also did not affect access to surgical evaluation. Other tools that target patient knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding surgical treatments for OA may be further developed and tested in the future. Level of Evidence Level I, therapeutic study.