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Attack of the stink bugs!
\"Though stink bugs werent introduced to the United States until the 1990s, this invasive species has spread to nearly every state in the country. Their biggest enemies? Farmers who dont like them feeding on crops and fruits. Readers dont need to smell a squished stink bug to understand the harm they can cause not only to crops, but also to native species. The main content and fact boxes discuss how the stink bugs ended up in the United States and the efforts being made to stop their population from growing even more\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Aerial Application of Pheromones for Mating Disruption of an Invasive Moth as a Potential Eradication Tool
Biological invasions can cause major ecological and economic impacts. During the early stages of invasions, eradication is desirable but tactics are lacking that are both effective and have minimal non-target effects. Mating disruption, which may meet these criteria, was initially chosen to respond to the incursion of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (LBAM; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in California. The large size and limited accessibility of the infested area favored aerial application. Moth sex pheromone formulations for potential use in California or elsewhere were tested in a pine forest in New Zealand where LBAM is abundant. Formulations were applied by helicopter at a target rate of 40 g pheromone per ha. Trap catch before and after application was used to assess the efficacy and longevity of formulations, in comparison with plots treated with ground-applied pheromone dispensers and untreated control plots. Traps placed at different heights showed LBAM was abundant in the upper canopy of tall trees, which complicates control attempts. A wax formulation and polyethylene dispensers were most effective and provided trap shut-down near ground level for 10 weeks. Only the wax formulation was effective in the upper canopy. As the pheromone blend contained a behavioral antagonist for LBAM, ‘false trail following’ could be ruled out as a mechanism explaining trap shutdown. Therefore, ‘sensory impairment’ and ‘masking of females’ are the main modes of operation. Mating disruption enhances Allee effects which contribute to negative growth of small populations and, therefore, it is highly suitable for area-wide control and eradication of biological invaders.
Journal Article
Invasion patterns of non-native ants in natural ecosystems in warm, temperate New Zealand
Non-native species have the ability to negatively impact ecosystems, and the recipient biodiversity they may invade. However, they must first go through a series of abiotic and biotic filters that limit their ability to spread once established, which ultimately influences their distribution across different habitats. By understanding which habitats are most vulnerable to invasion, pest managers can prioritise their surveillance areas to focus on those most at risk. We assessed temporal and spatial invasion by ants within forested and non-forested ecosystems using a replicated sample design based on data collected in 2005 and by repeating the sampling 10 years later. We predicted that forested ecosystems would be more resistant than non-forested ecosystems to invasion, likely due to unfavourable habitat factors that limit ant establishment and spread, even after a 10-year period. In both sampling years, non-forested ecosystems were more susceptible to invasion by non-native ants, with ants being found at both the edge and in the interior of these habitats. Conversely, in forested ecosystems, non-native ants were concentrated on the forest edges. Although there was invasion of non-native ant species further into some non-forested ecosystems over the 10-year period, spread did not penetrate beyond the edge in forest ecosystems suggesting that habitat characteristics are important in determining non-native ant spread. We recommend prioritising surveillance and management of pest ants in non-forested ecosystems rather than forested ecosystems in New Zealand. Our findings highlight the need for future work on the mechanisms of spread of non-native ants in non-forested ecosystems.
Journal Article
Linking Climate Suitability, Spread Rates and Host-Impact When Estimating the Potential Costs of Invasive Pests
Notes how biosecurity agencies need to be able to estimate the potential for each invasive alien species (IAS) to create negative impacts, so that relative and absolute comparisons can be made using bioeconomic tools, in order to help inform policy and allocate scarce management resources. Demonstrates a novel analytical framework, combining ecological and economic modelling, to estimate the economic impacts of an invasive organism as a basis for informing policy-level decision-making. Uses New Zealand as a case study to simulate the impact of an invasion by the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa sensu lato) on volume and present value of the pine plantation (Pinus radiata) estate under current climate, assuming control or no control of T.pityocampa using insecticide. Discusses the utility of this case study as a generic approach for quantifying economic impacts of pests on important crop species. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Journal Article
Population Structure and the Colonization Route of One of the Oldest North American Invasive Insects: Stories from the Worn Road of the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say)
An integral part to understanding the biology of an invasive species is determining its origin, particularly in pest species. As one of the oldest known invasive species, the goals of this study were to evaluate the evidence of a westward expansion of Hessian fly into North America, from a potential singular introduction event, and the population genetic structure of current populations. Levels of genetic diversity and population structure in the Hessian fly were compared across North America, Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, and New Zealand. Furthermore, Old World populations were evaluated as possible sources of introduction. We tested diversity and population structure by examining 18 microsatellite loci with coverage across all four Hessian fly chromosomes. Neither genetic diversity nor population genetic structure provided evidence of a westward movement from a single introduction in North America. Introduced populations in North America did not show identity or assignment to any Old World population, likely indicating a multiple introduction scenario with subsequent gene flow between populations. Diversity and selection were assessed on a chromosomal level, with no differences in diversity or selection between chromosomes or between native and introduced populations.
Journal Article
The role of humans in the importation of ticks to New Zealand : a threat to public health and biosecurity
Outlines tick biology and ecology. Provides evidence of at least 17 species of ticks being brought into New Zealand by humans. Examines public health risks posed by some of the nine species of ticks already in New Zealand. Presents sites of attachment of ticks and associated symptoms, where these have been recorded. Discusses diseases transmitted by ticks and most likely to be encountered by travellers, together with the most practical method of tick removal. Urges practitioners to increase their awareness of the risks to New Zealand's biosecurity and public health posed by ticks and to ensure that as many as possible of these unwelcome 'souvenirs' are collected and passed on for identification. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Journal Article
New Records of Three Non-Native Darkling Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Established in California and Nevada, USA
Recent California collection records for three adventive species of soil-dwelling darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are provided, with observational notes on habitats and spread. Gonocephalum sericeum (Baudi), a widespread, synanthropic species in northern Africa and Middle East, is reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time. The species is illustrated and diagnosed, and the genus is incorporated into a key to North American Opatrini. Gondwanocrypticus platensis (Fairmaire), a South American species of Crypticini often associated with nest debris of imported fire ants, has spread widely in southern California. Opatroides punctulatus Brullé, first discovered in the Sacramento area in 2003–2008, has recently been found in abundance in and around Reno, Nevada and is spreading to new California counties. All three species are thought to be facultative opportunistic ant associates in disturbed habitats.
Journal Article
Aphids (Hemiptera : Aphididae and Adelgidae) of Hawai'i : annotated list and key to species of an adventive fauna
Provides an updated account of aphid species adventive to the Hawaiian Islands based on literature records and a taxonomic analysis of available specimens. Notes species recognised as new to the Islands. Gives information on synonyms, origins, distribution, and hosts for each species. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Journal Article
Learn about the Asian Giant Hornet (\Murder Hornet\) and its possible effect on pollinators
Britannica Insights: What is the murder hornet? Video about the Asian Giant Hornet, and their possible effect on pollinators. Importance of honeybees.
Streaming Video
