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"Introverts."
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41 reasons I'm staying in : a celebration of introverts
An illustrator and self-proclaimed introvert portrays engaging and sometimes outlandish excuses to avoid leaving home, with a character pursuing their obsessions, hobbies, interests, and sudden whims with gusto on each page.
BOOK
Disentangling psychological congestion in the exhibition event: An experimental inquiry of the integrated model
Crowding is a powerful factor that overwhelms human beings. For exhibition industry, minimizing psychological congestion under the condition that the established visitors cannot be reduced is the core concern. Based on stimulus overload theory and arousal attribution theory, we established a 2 (exhibition environment: outdoors vs. indoors)×2 (the order of visit: orderliness vs. disorderliness) between-subject scenario experimental design in a high-tech exhibition scenario to investigate the effect of exhibition conditions on tourists’ crowding perceptions. Several novel findings were obtained: 1) the exhibition environment and exhibition order affect individual perception of crowding; 2) crowding perception fully mediates only the relationship between the exhibition environment and emotion; 3) personality (introversion vs. extroversion) moderates visitors’ perceptions of crowding; and 4) visitors’ emotions fully mediate the relationship between perceived crowding and perceived value. This paper provides a systematic theoretical analytical framework for understanding the phenomenon of crowding from a social and environmental psychology perspective and has practical implications for crowding management and visitor experience value optimization in the exhibition sector.
Journal Article
Role of introvert and extrovert personalities in perception of COVID-19’s impact, psychological state, knowledge, infection, and preparedness preferences
Background
The role of introversion and extraversion in shaping pandemic responses remains understudied in the field of public health. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate differences in perceptions of COVID-19’s impact, psychological status, knowledge of COVID-19, infection rate, and preferred preparations among introverts and extroverts.
Methods
This study utilized a cross-sectional design. From May to June 2022, an online survey was conducted, involving 1,990 adults in Hong Kong. Regression analyses were employed to identify personality differences across 58 outcomes of interest. To account for multiplicity, adjustments were made using the Holm-Bonferroni method.
Results
Extroverts reported a greater increase in having a meal at home (
adjusted p [adj.p]
< 0.001), while introverts’ sleep quality decreased more (
adj.p
< 0.001). Although no statistical difference was detected between the decrease they showed in emotional stress (
adj.p
= 1.000) and mental burden (
adj.p
= 1.000), introverts had higher levels of anxiety (
adj.p
= 0.006), depression (
adj.p
< 0.001), and fear (
adj.p
= 0.026), whereas extroverts had stronger out of control feelings (
adj.p
= 0.010). Besides, extroverts had higher self-rated knowledge on COVID-19 knowledge (
adj.p
= 0.016) and prevention (
adj.p
< 0.001). Moreover, extroverts perceived higher importance in online consultation with doctors, instant personalized health by online chatbot, online courses, instant streaming courses, medicine delivery, online shopping, and food delivery (all
adj.p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
Introverts could benefit most from interventions addressing sleep quality, anxiety, depression, fear, and knowledge promotion about COVID-19, while extroverts could benefit most from approaches that address feeling out of control. Extroverts had higher preferences for online consultations, instant personalized health via online chatbots, streaming courses, online courses, and medicine delivery, emphasizing the importance of considering personality in field of telemedicine, e-health, and remote medicine practice. These findings have important implications for pandemic response and preparedness, highlighting the role of personality in public health emergencies.
Journal Article
Introverts in the Church
Introverts are called and gifted by God. But many churches tend to be extroverted places where introverts are marginalized. Some Christians end up feeling like it's not as faithful to be an introvert.Adam McHugh shows how introverts can live and minister in ways consistent with their personalities. He explains how introverts and extroverts process information and approach relationships differently and how introverts can practice Christian spirituality in ways that fit who they are. With practical illustrations from church and parachurch contexts, McHugh offers ways for introverts to serve, lead, worship and even evangelize effectively.Introverts in the Church is essential reading for any introvert who has ever felt out of place,as well as for church leaders who want to make their churches more welcoming to introverts. Discover God's call and empowering to thrive as an introvert, for the sake of the church and kingdom.
eBook
Integration of Maluku Local Wisdom “Kalesang” Values through FRESH Technique in Writing Descriptive Text: Introvert and Extrovert Students’ Point of View
Background/purpose. Incorporating students’ native cultural knowledge into language instruction can enhance learning and support cultural sustainability. The study aims to explore the perspectives of junior high school students with different personality backgrounds on the benefits of a culturally responsive, student-centered approach that integrates “Kalesang” values through the FRESH technique into descriptive writing. This approach can enrich students' language skills while sustaining their cultural identity.Materials/methods. This study employed thematic analysis as a qualitative research approach to examine the data. The data was collected through the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and a semi-structured interview.Results. Thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: (1) Students’ understanding and integration of “Kalesang”values, (2) Perceptions of the FRESH framework, and (3) The influence of personality on learning. Participants defined “Kalesang” as a principle of caring for oneself and the environment and embedded this value in their writing. All students reported that the FRESH technique helped them organize their texts and increased their motivation. Extrovert students enjoyed collaborative discussions, whereas introvert students preferred individual, scaffolded writing time.Conclusion. The results indicate three significant implications: (1) Aligning writing tasks with local cultural values fosters cultural sustainability by reinforcing students' heritage and community ethos. (2) Implementing structured frameworks such as the FRESH technique and incorporating culturally relevant themes enriches EFL writing pedagogy by clarifying text organization and engaging learners. (3) Differentiating instruction to accommodate students' personalities ensures that both introverted and extroverted students can succeed.
Journal Article
Does customer sociability matter? Differences in e-quality, e-satisfaction, and e-loyalty between introvert and extravert online banking users
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between e-quality, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty and test how these relationships vary across different levels of customer sociability in the UAE banking industry. Design/methodology/approach - The relative importance of customer sociability in the relationships between e-quality, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty was examined. A self-administered questionnaire was developed, and data were collected from a final sample of 245 bank customers. The study's conceptual model and four hypotheses were tested using AMOS18. Findings - E-quality influences e-satisfaction, which, in turn, affects customer e-loyalty. This study's findings confirm that the relationships between e-quality, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty are stronger if the online banking user is an introvert (less social) rather than an extravert (very social). Practical implications - This study demonstrates how bank managers could use the sociability level of their customers to manage the relationships between e-quality, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. Originality/value - The key contribution of this paper is that it demonstrates how the customer sociability level might affect the relationship between customers and online banking services.
Journal Article