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InMaking Sense of War,Amir Weiner reconceptualizes the entire historical experience of the Soviet Union from a new perspective, that of World War II. Breaking with the conventional interpretation that views World War II as a post-revolutionary addendum, Weiner situates this event at the crux of the development of the Soviet--not just the Stalinist--system. Through a richly detailed look at Soviet society as a whole, and at one Ukrainian region in particular, the author shows how World War II came to define the ways in which members of the political elite as well as ordinary citizens viewed the world and acted upon their beliefs and ideologies. The book explores the creation of the myth of the war against the historiography of modern schemes for social engineering, the Holocaust, ethnic deportations, collaboration, and postwar settlements. For communist true believers, World War II was the purgatory of the revolution, the final cleansing of Soviet society of the remaining elusive \"human weeds\" who intruded upon socialist harmony, and it brought the polity to the brink of communism. Those ridden with doubts turned to the war as a redemption for past wrongs of the regime, while others hoped it would be the death blow to an evil enterprise. For all, it was the Armageddon of the Bolshevik Revolution. The result of Weiner's inquiry is a bold, compelling new picture of a Soviet Union both reinforced and enfeebled by the experience of total war.

Video version of a dance work originally created for the stage, about a Jewish immigrant in Canada and his memories of losing his family in the Holocaust.

In 1939, on the eve of Hitler's invasion of Poland, seven-year-old Edith Milton (then Edith Cohn) and her sister Ruth left Germany by way of the Kindertransport, the program which gave some 10,000 Jewish children refuge in England. The two were given shelter by a jovial, upper-class British foster family with whom they lived for the next seven years. Edith chronicles these transformative experiences of exile and good fortune in The Tiger in the Attic, a touching memoir of growing up as an outsider in a strange land. In this illuminating chronicle, Edith describes how she struggled to fit in and to conquer self-doubts about her German identity. Her realistic portrayal of the seemingly mundane yet historically momentous details of daily life during World War II slowly reveals istelf as a hopeful story about the kindness and generosity of strangers. She paints an account rich with colorful characters and intense relationships, uncanny close calls and unnerving bouts of luck that led to survival. Edith's journey between cultures continues with her final passage to America—yet another chapter in her life that required adjustment to a new world—allowing her, as she narrates it here, to visit her past as an exile all over again. The Tiger in the Attic is a literary gem from a skilled fiction writer, the story of a thoughtful and observant child growing up against the backdrop of the most dangerous and decisive moment in modern European history. Offering a unique perspective on Holocaust studies, this book is both an exceptional and universal story of a young German-Jewish girl caught between worlds.

Border fixity—the proscription of foreign conquest and the annexation of homeland territory—has, since World War II, become a powerful norm in world politics. This development has been said to increase stability and peace in international relations. Yet, in a world in which it is unacceptable to challenge international borders by force, sociopolitically weak states remain a significant source of widespread conflict, war, and instability. In this book, Boaz Atzili argues that the process of state building has long been influenced by external territorial pressures and competition, with the absence of border fixity contributing to the evolution of strong states—and its presence to the survival of weak ones. What results from this norm, he argues, are conditions that make internal conflict and the spillover of interstate war more likely. Using a comparison of historical and contemporary case studies, Atzili sheds light on the relationship between state weakness and conflict. His argument that under some circumstances an international norm that was established to preserve the peace may actually create conditions that are ripe for war is sure to generate debate and shed light on the dynamics of continuing conflict in the twenty-first century.

The pool of invasive ornamental plants keeps expanding, and one of the best studied plant invasion habitats is the riparian zone. Europe has no native Miscanthus spp. or bamboos, which are popular garden plants. In 2022–2024 we observed Bisset bamboo ( Phyllostachys bissetii ) and giant miscanthus ( Miscanthus  ×  giganteus ) naturalizing in the riparian zones of two rivers of the Vistula River basin (Poland). Bisset bamboo has not been recorded before in the wild in Europe and giant miscanthus has not been reported before as naturalized in Europe. We describe their present habitats and invasive potential, to alert others to the prospect of spread in Europe. Examples from other parts of world indicate that Phyllostachys spp. invasive running bamboo has a tendency to spread aggressively. Because we only located single plants our species qualify as ‘casuals’, but we mention them out of a concern that these species are establishing more widely or will soon do so. Our observations fit an “accelerated trend” in exotic plant invasion in Europe, in particular, of escaped ornamental plants. Based on information about the ecology of both species, their popularity in horticulture, and our observations, we speculate that giant miscanthus and Bisset bamboo may become new European plant invaders. Both species should be mechanically removed. There is an urgent need to raise awareness among gardeners, hobbyists, plant sellers and importers, about environmental risk from spread of invasive plants. It is concerning that seedlings and seeds of other species of the genera Miscanthus and Phyllostachys , which have naturalised in several European countries, are available in horticulture. Bioinvasion is easier to control if there is early detection and a rapid response.

Aim In the current Anthropocene, many ecosystems are being simultaneously invaded by multiple alien species. Some of these invasive species become more dominant and have greater environmental impacts than others. If two potentially dominant species invade the same area, the combined impact has been reported to be either (a) domination by one species, that is, the competitive dominance of one invader, or (b) invasion meltdown, where the combined impact is much greater, that is, a synergistic effect. We studied the effects of the invasion of two alien plant species that are known to strongly decrease native plant species diversity: the Persian walnut Juglans regiaand goldenrod Solidago canadensis. Location We examined native vegetation diversity in abandoned fields (in Poland) where neither species had invaded, only one species had invaded, and both species had invaded. Methods Field survey data were analysed using generalized linear mixed models and ordination techniques. Results When goldenrod invaded alone, it caused a larger decrease in species richness and cover (74%) than when walnut invaded alone (58%). When walnut and goldenrod co‐occurred in abandoned fields, walnut was dominant and strongly decreased goldenrod density by 87%. However, the combined impact on native species diversity was much lower (15% decrease in native plant diversity) than when either goldenrod or walnut invaded alone. Main conclusions In contrast to many other studies, our study does not support the occurrence of an invasion meltdown. Instead, our results show that even when one invader dominates, its negative effect on plant diversity can be strongly modified by the presence of another invasive species.

Background: Despite advances in treatment, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains associated with high recurrence and mortality rates. Traditional TNM staging, while foundational, may not fully capture tumor aggressiveness. This study aimed to identify clinical and histopathological predictors of survival to enhance risk stratification and guide treatment planning in OSCC patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 100 patients with confirmed OSCC treated surgically with curative intent between January 2019 and January 2024 was analyzed. Clinicopathologic variables—including tumor volume, angioinvasion, perineural invasion, lymphatic invasion, and nodal status—were evaluated. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimates, Cox regression, and logistic regression models. Results: The cohort had a mean age of 62.1 years, with a 46% OS rate and 43% DSS at study end. Perineural invasion (44%) and lymphatic invasion (42%) were the most common invasive features. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly reduced DSS in patients with angioinvasion, perineural invasion, and pN+ status. Multivariate logistic regression identified perineural invasion (OR = 3.93, p = 0.0023) and pN+ status (OR = 2.74, p = 0.0284) as independent predictors of cancer-specific mortality. Tumor volume was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion but not directly with DSS. Conclusions: Perineural invasion, angioinvasion, lymph node involvement, and tumor volume are important prognostic markers in OSCC, offering critical information beyond TNM staging. Incorporating these features into risk assessment models could improve prognostic accuracy and inform more individualized treatment strategies for high-risk OSCC patients.

Campylopus introflexus is the only invasive moss listed among the 100 most prominent alien invaders in Europe. The present study shows dot distribution maps (at 10-years intervals from its introduction in 1986 to the present) and discusses the dynamics of its invasion, altitudinal distribution and ecological preferences. During the 30 years of its invasion, C. introflexus has spread widely throughout Poland and is currently known in 248 locations. A total of 93.1% of these are below 300 m a.s.l., and the maximum altitude is 780 m. With the passage of time since its first appearance this alien moss has occupied larger numbers of substrates and habitats. Currently C. introflexus is a component of 34 plant communities belonging to 18 habitat types. The most invaded habitats include young forest tree plantations and mature managed forest developed from old plantations (Pinus sylvestris woodland). This moss is frequently found in acidophilous semi-natural forests and inland dunes with Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands, boggy woodland, dry heaths, and ruderal habitats. Although 30 cryptogam species were found in tufts of the alien moss, there is no characteristic species composition that constantly accompanies its presence.

Palm houses in Europe serve as urban biodiversity hot spots for alien spiders. As a result of several years of research in the Poznań Palm House, we documented the occurrence of 14 spider species, 9 of which were alien to Europe: Coleosoma floridanum , Hasarius adansoni , Howaia mogera , Ostearius melanopygius , Parasteatoda tabulata , Parasteatoda tepidariorum , Scytodes fusca , Spermophora kerinci and Triaeris stenaspis . The most abundant species was C. floridanum (39.9%). Three spider species were recorded for the first time in Poland: C. floridanum , S. fusca and S. kerinci . We studied the occurrence of endosymbiotic Wolbachia and Cardinium in parthenogenetic T. stenaspis and recorded for the first time the occurrence of Wolbachia in this spider. The endosymbiont was characterized based on the sequences of six bacterial housekeeping genes: 16S rRNA, coxA , fbpA , ftsZ , gatB and hcpA . Our phylogenetic reconstruction of Wolbachia supergroups revealed that the bacteria recovered from the spider formed distinct lineages in relation to all known supergroups. We assigned it to a novel supergroup X with unique sequences within the 16S rRNA and ftsZ genes. We discussed faunistic results in terms of long-term survival rates and the risk of invasion of alien species of spiders.