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"Inventions China"
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Retracted: Intelligence level evaluation and influencing factors analysis of equipment manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Delta
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) bears the vital task of driving the growth of China's equipment manufacturing industry (EMI) intelligence as an advanced region. Fostering the transformation and upgrading of the EMI in the YRD and constructing a modern production mode is vital to developing and reforming China's manufacturing industry. This paper uses industrial robot data to assess the level of intelligence (LoI) in the EMI from 2016 to 2019. The OLS (ordinary least squares) model is used for the measurements, and the MQ (the modified contribution index) is used to estimate the degree of contribution from a host of variables. It is identified that the LoI is on the rise. However, excluding railways, aerospace, shipbuilding, and other transportation equipment manufacturing, the LoI is significantly higher than in other subsectors. It is also identified that technological innovation ability, human capital density, and enterprise cost pressure govern the industry's LoI. Moreover, while there is a difference in the main influencing factors in LoI within different industries, R&D investment, technological innovation ability, and enterprise cost pressure have the most significant impact across most equipment manufacturing sub-industries.
Journal Article
Ancient Chinese inventions
China has given birth to numerous scientific and technological inventions, and for many centuries led the world in such innovations. Indeed, some of the most important inventions in the history of human civilization originated in China, not least the compass, gunpowder, paper and printing. This book provides an illustrated introduction to the many inventions to which China can lay claim.
Book
Ancient Chinese technology
The ancient Chinese were an innovative and creative people who developed some of the inventions we still use today. From fireworks to folding umbrellas, this thought-provoking volume highlights some of the most fascinating technological developments of the time.
Book
Mapping cultural tightness and its links to innovation, urbanization, and happiness across 31 provinces in China
We conduct a 3-y study involving 11,662 respondents to map cultural tightness—the degree to which a society is characterized by rules and norms and the extent to which people are punished or sanctioned when they deviate from these rules and norms—across 31 provinces in China. Consistent with prior research, we find that culturally tight provinces are associated with increased governmental control, constraints in daily life, religious practices, and exposure to threats. Departing from previous findings that tighter states are more rural, conservative, less creative, and less happy, cultural tightness in China is associated with urbanization, economic growth, better health, greater tolerance toward the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community, and gender equality. Further, analyzing about 3.85 million granted patents in China (1990–2013), we find that provinces with tighter cultures have lower rates of substantive/radical innovations yet higher rates of incremental innovations; individuals from culturally tighter provinces reported higher levels of experienced happiness.
Journal Article
Do the Green Credit Guidelines Affect Corporate Green Technology Innovation? Empirical Research from China
Green technology innovation is regarded as an important means to achieve sustainable development. Countries all over the world mainly implement green technology innovation policies from the aspects of environmental regulation and financing constraints. The effect of financing constraint policy on enterprise green technology innovation remains to be investigated. Based on the event of “green credit guidelines” issued by China Banking Regulatory Commission in 2012, this paper collects the panel data of China’s 2825 listed companies from 2007 to 2018, constructs a difference-in-difference model, and studies the impact of green credit guidelines on corporate green technology innovation and its mechanism. The empirical results show: First, green credit guidelines can promote corporate green technology innovation on the whole. Second, the mechanism of green credit on enterprise green technology innovation is identified. Green credit guidelines mainly limited green technology innovation through reducing debt financing, rather than through financing constraints. Third, the impact of green credit guidelines on green technology innovation is heterogeneous. Green credit guidelines have a significant effect on the green technology innovation of state-owned and large enterprises, but have no effect on the green technology innovation of non-state-owned and small ones.
Journal Article
Large-Scale Psychological Differences Within China Explained by Rice Versus Wheat Agriculture
Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West. However, this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China. We propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent, whereas farming wheat makes cultures more independent, and these agricultural legacies continue to affect people in the modern world. We tested 1162 Han Chinese participants in six sites and found that rice-growing southern China is more interdependent and holistic-thinking than the wheat-growing north. To control for confounds like climate, we tested people from neighboring counties along the rice-wheat border and found differences that were just as large. We also find that modernization and pathogen prevalence theories do not fit the data.
Journal Article
How green technology innovation affects carbon emission efficiency: evidence from developed countries proposing carbon neutrality targets
With the introduction of national carbon neutrality targets, carbon emission reduction actions in developed countries have become a hot topic as part of the international community’s drive to take action to mitigate climate change. Carbon emission efficiency is an important indicator that can be used to measure progress toward carbon emission reduction targets. The relationship between green technology innovation and carbon emission efficiency has not been adequately studied, and the transmission mechanism is not yet clear. Based on the above research gaps, taking 32 developed countries that have proposed carbon neutral targets as research samples, this paper used spatial econometric models to explore the impact of green technology innovation on carbon emission efficiency and adopted spatial mediation model and spatial moderation model to analyze the transmission effects of economic development, urbanization, and financial development on environment-related green technology and carbon emission efficiency. This paper aimed to provide a policy basis for developed countries to mitigate carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality goals as soon as possible. The following results were obtained: (1) Luxembourg, Norway, and Switzerland were found to be efficient in terms of carbon emissions, while most developed countries were in an inefficient state. (2) Environment-related green technology innovation significantly improved carbon emission efficiency. (3) Economic development and urbanization had a mediating role on green technology innovation and carbon emission efficiency. In other words, green technology innovation could have an indirect impact on carbon emission efficiency by influencing economic development and urbanization. (4) Financial development could positively moderate the sensitivity of carbon emission efficiency to green technology innovation. Improving the level of green technology innovation is one way to improve carbon emission efficiency, and the mediating effect of economic development and urbanization can be used as a focus point to improve carbon emission efficiency. The pressure of carbon emission reduction can be moderated by finance development. The results of this study provide theoretical support that will assist developed countries in achieving their carbon neutrality targets.
Journal Article
Changes in technological innovation efficiency and influencing factors of listed textile and apparel companies research——Based on three-stage DEA with Tobit modeling
The key to high-quality development in the textile and apparel industry lies in enhancing technological innovation and optimizing the efficiency of technological innovation. Based on data from 60 A-share listed companies in the textile and apparel sector in China from 2013 to 2022, this study employs a three-stage DEA model and the Malmquist index model to measure changes in technological innovation efficiency from static and dynamic perspectives. Additionally, it uses a Tobit model to analyze the impact and mechanisms of management and financial factors on technological innovation efficiency. The results indicate that: (1) Compared to the manufacturing industry and its sub-sectors, the overall technological innovation efficiency of listed textile and apparel companies was relatively low and showed a declining trend between 2013 and 2022; (2) Over the decade, the average total factor productivity of these listed companies increased by 1.7%, exhibiting a \"W\" shaped fluctuation, with technological progress, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency all showing weak improvement; (3) Management and financial factors significantly influence technological innovation efficiency. Specifically, employee quality, profitability, and operational capability are positively correlated with technological innovation efficiency and have long-term effectiveness, while firm age, management costs, equity concentration, development ability, and debt repayment capacity are negatively correlated with technological innovation efficiency; (4) Different types of enterprises show differences in the significance of management factors, while whether the same person holds both managerial positions significantly affects financial factors.
Journal Article