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\"From the torture of detainees at Abu Ghraib to unnecessary military attacks on civilians, this book is an account of the violations of international criminal law committed during the United States invasion of Iraq. Taking stock of the entire war, it uniquely documents the overestimation of the successes and underestimation of the failings of the Surge and Awakening policies. The authors show how an initial cynical framing of the American war led to the creation of a new Shia-dominated Iraq state, which in turn provoked powerful feelings of legal cynicism among Iraqis, especially the Sunni. The predictable result was a resilient Sunni insurgency that re-emerged in the violent aftermath of the 2011 withdrawal. Examining more than a decade of evidence, this book makes a powerful case that the American war in Iraq constituted a criminal war of aggression\"-- Provided by publisher.

Current debate over the motives, ideological justifications, and outcomes of the war with Iraq have been strident and polarizing.A Matter of Principleis the first volume gathering critical voices from around the world to offer an alternative perspective on the prevailing pro-war and anti-war positions. The contribu-tors-political figures, public intellectuals, scholars, church leaders, and activists-represent the most powerful views of liberal internationalism. Offering alternative positions that challenge the status quo of both the left and the right, these essays claim that, in spite of the inconsistent justifications provided by the United States and its allies and the conflict-ridden process of social reconstruction, the war in Iraq has been morally justifiable on the grounds that Saddam Hussein was a brutal tyrant, a flagrant violator of human rights, a force of global instability and terror, and a threat to world peace. The authors discuss the limitations of the current system of global governance, which tolerates gross violations of human rights and which has failed to prevent genocide in places such as Bosnia and Rwanda. They also underscore the need for reform in international institutions and international law. At the same time, these essays do not necessarily attempt to apologize for the mistakes, errors, and deceptions in the way the Bush administration has handled the war. Disputing the idea that the only true liberal position on the war is to be against it, this volume charts an invaluable third course, a path determined by a strong liberal commitment to human rights, solidarity with the oppressed, and a firm stand against fascism, totalitarianism, and tyranny.

This edited volume addresses the key issues of ethics, war and international relations in the post-9/11 world. There is a lively debate in contemporary international relations concerning the relationship between statist obligations to one’s own political community and cosmopolitan duties to distant others. This volume contributes to this debate by investigating aspects of the ethics of national military and security and intelligence policies in the post-9/11 environment. The discursive transformation of national militaries into ‘forces for good’ became normalized as the Cold War subsided. While the number of humanitarian military interventions and operations rose considerably in the immediate post-Cold War period, the advent of the ‘war on terror’ raised questions about exactly what we mean by ethical behaviour in terms of military and security policies. This volume interrogates this key question via a focus that is both distinctive and illuminating – on national military ethics; femininities, masculinities and difference; and intelligence ethics. The key objectives are to demonstrate the important linkages between areas of international relations that are all too often treated in isolation from one another, and to investigate the growing tension between cosmopolitan and communitarian conceptions of intelligence and security and the use of armed force. This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, ethics, gender studies, intelligence studies, and international relations in general. Mark Phythian is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Leicester. He is the author or editor/co-editor of ten books. Annika Bergman-Rosamond is Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies in Copenhagen. Introduction: War, Ethics and Justice – New Perspectives on a Post-9/11 World Annika Bergman-Rosamond and Mark Phythian 1. Tactics of Mistake: ‘Torture’, Security and the Ethics of ‘Liberal’ Wars After 9/11 Caroline Kennedy-Pipe 2. ‘Let us Re-order This World Around Us’: The Problematic Subject of British Military Ethics Dan Bulley 3. An Australian Approach to Ethical Warfare? Australia and the ‘War on Terror’ Thomas Moore 4. The Cosmopolitan- Communitarian Divide and the Swedish Military Annika Bergman-Rosamond 5. Ambivalent Spectators and Enthusiastic Fans? Mapping Civilian-Military Engagement in Canada Lori Crowe and Chris Hendershot 6. Ethics, Gender and Forces for Good: Military Masculinities in British Soldiers’ Accounts of Iraq and Afghanistan Claire Duncanson 7. Feminist International Relations and Intelligence in a High-Tech Age Gillian Youngs 8. The Problem of Intelligence Ethics Mark Phythian 9. Justice and Ethics in Israeli Counter-Terrorism Shlomo Shpiro 10. Jihad and the ‘War on Terror’: Intelligence, Ethics, and Justice in Pakistan and Afghanistan Rob Johnson Annika Bergman-Rosamond is Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies in Copenhagen. Mark Phythian is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Leicester. He is the author or editor/co-editor of ten books.

The Iraq War and Democratic Politics contains the work of leading scholars concerned with the political implications of the Iraq War and its relationship to and significance for democracy. The book shuns simplistic analysis and provides a nuanced and critical overview of this key moment in global politics. Subjects covered include: * the underlying moral and political issues raised by the war * US foreign policy and the Middle East * the fundamental dilemmas and contradictions of democratic intervention * how the war was perceived in the UK, EU and US * the challenges of creating democracy inside Iraq * the influential role of NGOs * the legitimacy of the war within international law * the relationship between democratic government and intelligence. Alex Danchev is Professor of International Relations at the University of Nottingham. His research interests include international history, diplomacy, security, and, latterly, culture. Much of his previous work has been biographical. His biography of the philosopher-statesman Oliver Franks (1993) was one of the Observer's 'Books of the Year'. His biography of the military writer Basil Liddell Hart (1998) was listed for the Whitbread Prize for Biography and the Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-Fiction. His unexpurgated edition of the Alanbrooke Diaries (2001, with Daniel Todman) was listed for the W. H. Smith Biography Award. John MacMillan is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Brunel University. Recent publications include Boundaries in Question: New Directions in International Relations (edited with Andrew Linklater), On Liberal Peace (1998), 'The Power of the Pen', Millennium (1998), and 'A Kantian Protest Against the Peculiar Discourse of Liberal Peace' (2001) 'Without exception the articles are worth reading.' - Asian Affairs 'The editors and contributors have produced a useful starting point for an analysis of the key aspects of the most contentious issue of the twenty-first century.' - Cambridge Journal Introduction: The Iraq War and Democratic Politics John MacMillan 2. The Global Setting: US Foreign Policy and the Future of the Middle East Richard Falk 3. Bush's War: The Iraq Conflict and American Democracy John Dumbrell 4. The Neo-cons: Neo-conservative Thinking Since the O nset of the Iraq War Dan Plesch 5. The United Kingdom Dan Keohane 6. The European Dimension John Vogler 7. Turkey: Democratic Legitimacy Christopher Brewin 8. 'It seemed the best thing to be up and go': On the Legal Case for Invading Iraq Patrick Thornberry 9. The Transition to Democracy in Iraq: Historical Legacies, Resurgent Identities and Reactionary Tendencies Gareth Stansfield 10. The Democratic Transition in Iraq and the Discovery of its Limitations Glen Rangwala 11. Iraq, Political Reconstruction and Liberal Theory John Horton and Yoke-Lian Lee 12. Afghanistan and Iraq: Failed States, or Democracy on Hold? Iftikhar H. Malik 13. The Iraq Body Count Project: Civil Society and the Democratic Deficit John Sloboda and Hamit Dardagan 14. Story Development, or, Walter Mitty the Undefeated Alex Danchev Index

\"This collection of essays, inspired by the author's experience teaching ethics to Marine and Navy chaplains during the Iraq War, examines the moral and psychological dilemmas posed by war. The first section deals directly with Dr. Peter A. French's teaching experience and the specific challenges posed by teaching applied and theoretical ethics to men and women wrestling with the immediate and personal moral conflicts occasioned by the dissonance of their duties as military officers with their religious convictions. The following chapters grew out of philosophical discussions with these chaplains regarding specific ethical issues surrounding the Iraq War, including the nature of moral evil, forgiveness, mercy, retributive punishment, honor, torture, responsibility, and just war theory. This book represents a unique viewpoint on the philosophical problems of war, illuminating the devastating toll combat experiences take on both an individual's sense of identity and a society's professed moral code\"--Provided by publisher.

Iraq: The Moral Reckoning applies classic just war theory to the U.S. decision to go to war in 2003. That theory, which evolved over several millennia, is a simple, profound tool for evaluating the rightness and wisdom of starting a war. The Bush administration and its supporters referred directly and indirectly to the theory in making a pro-war case to the world. The theory provides three core moral criteria for a just war: sovereign authority, just cause, and right intention (which includes an aim of peace). It adds three practical criteria: proportionality of ends, last resort, and reasonable chance of success. For a just war, each criterion should be substantially met. Since war is destructive and each country is presumed to have the right to live in peace, the evidence in favor of war must be clearly stronger than evidence against it. For each criterion, Iraq: The Moral Reckoning painstakingly weighs Bush administration statements, or those of its supporters, against evidence available at the time. A wide range of viewpoints and evidence is considered, and contrary arguments are refuted. One full chapter is given to neoconservative arguments on just war theory and its application from prominent war supporters. Each criterion, except sovereign authority, is shown not to have been met. The book concludes with a discussion of the implications of an unjust war for the United States and the world. The intensive weighing of each criterion against the facts and the balanced approach make the book unique. By demonstrating a comprehensive application of the theory to one war, it not only sets a new standard for evaluating the 2003 Iraq war, but also shows how present and future wars can be better evaluated in moral and practical terms, based on knowledge available at the time.