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"Iraq War-2003"
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Iraq War
\"The war is defined as the three-week military campaign beginning in March 2003 and ending with the capture of Baghdad in April 2003. Introductory chapters discuss events leading up to the invasion, going back to the breakup of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, Saddam Hussein's rise to power and the origins of the Baath Party, the Persian Gulf War of 1991, and September 11 and the subsequent actions in Afghanistan. The book concludes with a discussion of the occupation as of May 2003.\"--Amazon.com.
Book
The forever war
A prizewinning New York times correspondent chronicles a remarkable chain of events that begins with the rise of the Taliban in the 1990s, continues with the attacks of 9/11, and moves on to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Book
Mental health outcomes at the end of the British involvement in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts: a cohort study
Little is known about the prevalence of mental health outcomes in UK personnel at the end of the British involvement in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts.AimsWe examined the prevalence of mental disorders and alcohol misuse, whether this differed between serving and ex-serving regular personnel and by deployment status.
This is the third phase of a military cohort study (2014-2016; n = 8093). The sample was based on participants from previous phases (2004-2006 and 2007-2009) and a new randomly selected sample of those who had joined the UK armed forces since 2009.
The prevalence was 6.2% for probable post-traumatic stress disorder, 21.9% for common mental disorders and 10.0% for alcohol misuse. Deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan and a combat role during deployment were associated with significantly worse mental health outcomes and alcohol misuse in ex-serving regular personnel but not in currently serving regular personnel.
The findings highlight an increasing prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and a lowering prevalence of alcohol misuse compared with our previous findings and stresses the importance of continued surveillance during service and beyond.
All authors are based at King's College London which, for the purpose of this study and other military-related studies, receives funding from the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD). S.A.M.S., M.J., L.H., D.P., S.M. and R.J.R. salaries were totally or partially paid by the UK MoD. The UK MoD provides support to the Academic Department of Military Mental Health, and the salaries of N.J., N.G. and N.T.F. are covered totally or partly by this contribution. D.Mu. is employed by Combat Stress, a national UK charity that provides clinical mental health services to veterans. D.MacM. is the lead consultant for an NHS Veteran Mental Health Service. N.G. is the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Lead for Military and Veterans' Health, a trustee of Walking with the Wounded, and an independent director at the Forces in Mind Trust; however, he was not directed by these organisations in any way in relation to his contribution to this paper. N.J. is a full-time member of the armed forces seconded to King's College London. N.T.F. reports grants from the US Department of Defense and the UK MoD, is a trustee (unpaid) of The Warrior Programme and an independent advisor to the Independent Group Advising on the Release of Data (IGARD). S.W. is a trustee (unpaid) of Combat Stress and Honorary Civilian Consultant Advisor in Psychiatry for the British Army (unpaid). S.W. is affiliated to the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England, in collaboration with the University of East Anglia and Newcastle University. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, the Department of Health, Public Health England or the UK MoD.
Journal Article
Iraq and the crimes of aggressive war : the legal cynicism of criminal militarism
\"From the torture of detainees at Abu Ghraib to unnecessary military attacks on civilians, this book is an account of the violations of international criminal law committed during the United States invasion of Iraq. Taking stock of the entire war, it uniquely documents the overestimation of the successes and underestimation of the failings of the Surge and Awakening policies. The authors show how an initial cynical framing of the American war led to the creation of a new Shia-dominated Iraq state, which in turn provoked powerful feelings of legal cynicism among Iraqis, especially the Sunni. The predictable result was a resilient Sunni insurgency that re-emerged in the violent aftermath of the 2011 withdrawal. Examining more than a decade of evidence, this book makes a powerful case that the American war in Iraq constituted a criminal war of aggression\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Consumer engagement in online brand communities: a social media perspective
Purpose
– This paper aims to delineate the meaning, conceptual boundaries and dimensions of consumer engagement within the context of online brand communities both in term of the engagement with the brand and the other members of the online brand communities. It also explores the relationships of consumer engagement with other concepts, suggesting antecedents of engagement.
Design/methodology/approach
– Data are collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 international online brand community members, covering a variety of brand categories and social media platforms.
Findings
– This paper suggests that individuals are engaging in online communities in social network platforms both with other individuals and with brands. The study also identifies three key engagement dimensions (cognition, affect and behaviours). Their meaning and sub-dimensions are investigated. The paper further suggests key drivers, one outcome and objects of consumer engagement in online brand communities. These findings are integrated in a conceptual framework.
Research limitations/implications
– Further research should aim at comparing consumer engagement on different social media and across brand categories, as this study takes a holistic approach and does not focus on any particular category of brands or social media. Consumers’ views should also be evaluated against and compared with marketing managers’ understanding of consumer engagement.
Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the fast-growing and fragmented consumer engagement literature by refining the understanding of its dimensions and situating it in a network of conceptual relationships. It focusses on online brand communities in rich social media contexts to tap into the core social and interactive characteristics of engagement.
Journal Article
How Iranian Power Declined
Mohsen Milani's latest book, Iran's Rise and Rivalry with the US in the Middle East, \"dissects the strategic logic behind Iran's regional policy and tells the story of how a revolutionary state boxed in by sanctions and war emerged as one of the most influential forces in the region,\" Quincy Institute executive vice president Trita Parsi said in welcoming remarks during a webinar on July 24. Milani, professor of politics at the University of South Florida and executive director of the Center for Strategic and Diplomatic Studies, outlined the rise--and recent decline--of Iran's regional reach. \"Iran was able to exercise its power in a way that it hadn't done for centuries,\" Milani said. \"They were reaching to the Mediterranean. They had a small naval presence. They were a formidable force in Lebanon...in Iraq...and were helping Hamas and the Houthis.\" This policy of supporting regional proxies, born out of the devastating Iran-Iraq war (and, later, the US invasion of Iraq) went into overdrive when General Qassim Soleimani became leader of Iran's Quds Force in 1998, and the idea of \"forward defense\" took center stage, Milani said.
Journal Article
The Effect of Civilian Casualties on Wartime Informing
Scholars of civil war and insurgency have long posited that insurgent organizations and their state enemies incur costs for the collateral damage they cause. We provide the first direct quantitative evidence that wartime informing to counterinsurgent forces is affected by civilian victimization. Using newly declassified data on tip flow to Coalition forces in Iraq we find that information flow goes down after government forces inadvertently kill civilians and it goes up when insurgents do so. These results confirm a relationship long posited in the theoretical literature on insurgency but never directly observed, have strong policy implications, and are consistent with a broad range of circumstantial evidence on the topic.
Journal Article