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Dance and modernism in Irish and German literature and culture : connections in motion
\"This collection of essays by dancers, scholars of ethnochoreology, dance studies, drama studies, cultural studies, literature, and architecture explores Irish-German connections through dance in choreographic processes and on stage, in literary texts, photography, dance documentation, film, and architecture since the 1920s\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Ireland, West Germany and the New Europe, 1949-73
A pioneering study of the seminal period from the declaration of the Republic of Ireland, and the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), in 1949 until Ireland and Britain entered the EEC in 1973. Draws on unexploited original sources from Ireland and Germany. Dramatically re-envisions the foundations of contemporary Ireland.
eBook
East German intelligence and Ireland, 1949-90 : espionage, terrorism and diplomacy
This book examines in depth Ireland's relations with a country behind the Iron Curtain during the Cold War, the former East Germany. It is based on extensive research undertaken in Germany and Ireland, especially in the archive of the former Stasi. The first part of the book analyses Irish-East German bilateral relations at political, diplomatic, economic and cultural levels, but as is very clear the Stasi was never too far away. The extraordinary story of the repatriation of the remains of IRA-volunteer Frank Ryan from Dresden to Dublin is related in detail. The second part of the book focuses exclusively on intelligence. It shows the activities of the HVA, the Main Directorate of Foreign Intelligence, and reveals the information obtained and the names of East German agents and sources involved. The onset of the conflict in Northern Ireland caught the attention of the HVA but also of Department HA-XXII in charge of terrorism. HA-XXII monitored the Provisional IRA and the INLA's campaign against the British Army of the Rhine in West Germany. It obtained its information thanks to moles deep inside the West German security and intelligence services. The PIRA and the INLA's contacts with West German terrorist groups are examined, so are Soviet and Romanian intelligence activities. This book makes an original contribution to the much neglected area of Ireland's relations with continental European countries during the twentieth century and also Ireland's position during the Cold War. It will be of interest to scholars, students, the general public and professionals in the field of intelligence and security. --Provided by publisher.
Book
Histories of Nationalism in Ireland and Germany
Focusing on the era in which the modern idea of nationalism emerged as a way of establishing the preferred political, cultural, and social order for society, this book demonstrates that across different European societies the most important constituent of nationalism has been a specific understanding of the nation’s historical past. Analysing Ireland and Germany, two largely unconnected societies in which the past was peculiarly contemporary in politics and where the meaning of the nation was highly contested, this volume examines how narratives of origins, religion, territory and race produced by historians who were central figures in the cultural and intellectual histories of both countries interacted; it also explores the similarities and differences between the interactions in these societies. Histories of Nationalism in Ireland and Germany investigates whether we can speak of a particular common form of nationalism in Europe. The book draws attention to cultural and intellectual links between the Irish and the Germans during this period, and what this meant for how people in either society understood their national identity in a pivotal time for the development of the historical discipline in Europe. Contributing to a growing body of research on the ‘transnationality’ of nationalism, this new study of a hitherto-unexplored area will be of interest to historians of modern Germany and Ireland, comparative and transnational historians, and students and scholars of nationalism, as well as those interested in the relationship between biography and writing history.
eBook
Motivations and Intended Outcomes in Local Governments' Declarations of Climate Emergency
Near 1,500 governments worldwide, including over 1,000 local governments, have declared a climate emergency. Such declarations constitute a response to the growing visibility of social movements in international politics as well as the growing role of cities in climate governance. Framing climate change as an emergency, however, can bring difficulties in both the identification of the most appropriate measures to adopt and the effectiveness of those measures in the long run. We use textual analysis to examine the motivations and intended outcomes of 300 declarations endorsed by local governments. The analysis demonstrates that political positioning, previous experience of environmental action within local government, and pressure from civil society are the most common motivations for declaring a climate emergency at the local level. The declarations constitute symbolic gestures highlighting the urgency of the climate challenge, but they do not translate into radically different responses to the climate change challenge. The most commonly intended impacts are increasing citizens’ awareness of climate change and establishing mechanisms to influence future planning and infrastructure decisions. However, the declarations are adopted to emphasize the increasing role cities are taking on, situating local governments as crucial agents bridging global and local action agendas.
Journal Article
Modeling the Consumption of Main Fossil Fuels in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in European Countries, Considering Gross Domestic Product and Population
Poland ranks among the leading European countries in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Many European countries have higher emissions per capita than the EU average. This research aimed to quantify the complex relationships between the consumption variables of the main fossil fuels, accounting for economic indicators such as population and gross domestic product (GDP) in relation to GHG emissions. This research attempted to find similarities in the group of 16 analyzed European countries. The hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) was tested. The resulting multiple regression models showed similarities in one group of countries, namely Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovakia, in which most of the variables related to the consumption of fossil fuels, including HC and BC simultaneously, are statistically significant. The HC variable is also significant in Denmark, Estonia, the Netherlands, Finland and Bulgaria, and BC is also significant in Lithuania, Greece and Belgium. Moreover, results from Ireland, the Netherlands, and Belgium indicate a negative impact of population on GHG emissions, and in the case of Germany, the hypothesis of an environmental Kuznets curve can be accepted.
Journal Article
Intergroup Contact Effects via Ingroup Distancing among Majority and Minority Groups: Moderation by Social Dominance Orientation
Five studies tested whether intergroup contact reduces negative outgroup attitudes through a process of ingroup distancing. Based on the deprovincialization hypothesis and Social Dominance Theory, we hypothesized that the indirect effect of cross-group friendship on outgroup attitudes via reduced ingroup identification is moderated by individuals' Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), and occurs only for members of high status majority groups. We tested these predictions in three different intergroup contexts, involving conflictual relations between social groups in Germany (Study 1; N = 150; longitudinal Study 2: N = 753), Northern Ireland (Study 3: N = 160; Study 4: N = 1,948), and England (Study 5; N = 594). Cross-group friendship was associated with reduced ingroup identification and the link between reduced ingroup identification and improved outgroup attitudes was moderated by SDO (the indirect effect of cross-group friendship on outgroup attitudes via reduced ingroup only occurred for individuals scoring high, but not low, in SDO). Although there was a consistent moderating effect of SDO in high-status majority groups (Studies 1-5), but not low-status minority groups (Studies 3, 4, and 5), the interaction by SDO was not reliably stronger in high- than low-status groups. Findings are discussed in terms of better understanding deprovincialization effects of contact.
Journal Article
Changes of EU Countries Positions in the International Trade of Mineral Fuels, Lubricants and Related Materials in 2016-2020: Influence of Coronavirus Pandemic
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is an explanation of a dependency of all countries of the European Union on fuel imports in spite of EU activities to limit this dependency by using renewable energy. Moreover, Author considers a decrease of this dependency connected with the coronavirus pandemic. Changes of positions of particular EU member-countries in the international trade of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials, (named fuels in this article) are helpful to understand their various situations of dependency on fuel imports. Design/Methodology/Approach: The design is finding the efficiency of the EU energy policy and the importance of the recession of 2020 caused by the corona pandemic to decrease the EU dependency on the fuel imports and perspectives to change this situation. The research method is a describing political-economic analysis that bases on statistical data. The approach covers a description of changing positions of particular EU countries in international trade of fuels including importance of fuels in their exports and imports of all products. Findings: The following countries were the most important net importers of fuels in 2019: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom and Poland. In 2016, the first five countries had the same places. Poland obtained the eight position in 2016. The first four countries had the same positions in 2020. Poland obtained the fifth position in 2020 (after Brexit). Moreover, trade deficit in fuels of all EU countries deepened in 2016-2019 in spite of the pro-ecological EU energy policy. The EU energy policy and the recession caused by the coronavirus pandemic together limited the EU dependency on the fuel imports in 2020. Practical Implications: The result can be considered to elaborate the short-term and long-term EU energy policy. Originality/Value: Original research paper. Keywords: Mineral fuels, oil, international trade, coronavirus (Covid-19).
Journal Article
U.S. MULTINATIONALS AND THE CONTROL OF SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT POLICIES
The authors examine whether U.S. multinational companies (MNCs) are distinctive in the degree to which they exert direct control over policy on human resources and employment relations (HR/ER) in their foreign subsidiaries. The results confirm the distinctiveness of U.S. MNCs in their greater degree of direct control of policy, compared not only with non-U.S. firms but with every other major nationality or national grouping of MNCs: France, Germany, the Nordic group, the rest of Europe, and Japan. U.S. control of HR/ER policy is greater not just in the aggregate, but for most individual items. Finally, while levels of control over subsidiaries vary among host countries studied (Canada, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom) the greater U.S. orientation to control relative to non-U.S. MNCs holds regardless of host.
Journal Article
Internationalisation, innovation and productivity in services: evidence from Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom
This paper examines the links between internationalisation, innovation and productivity in service enterprises. For this purpose, we use micro data from the Community Innovation Survey 2008 in Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and estimate an augmented structural model. Our empirical evidence highlights the importance of internationalisation in the context of innovation outputs in all three countries. Our results indicate that innovation in service enterprises is linked to higher productivity. Among the innovation types that we consider, the largest productivity returns were found for marketing innovations.
Journal Article