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"Ireland Relations Russia."
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Anarchy and authority : Irish encounters with Romanov Russia
'Anarchy and Authority' follows the Irish men and women who ventured forth into the Russian Empire during the two long centuries from the reign of Peter the Great until the end of Romanov rule in the early twentieth century.
BOOK
Exploring Russia in the Elizabethan commonwealth
Exploring Russia in the Elizabethan Commonwealth tells the story of English relations with Russia, from the ‘strange and wonderfull discoverie’ of the land and Elizabeth I’s correspondence with Ivan the Terrible, to the corruption of the Muscovy Company and the Elizabethan regime’s censorship of politically sensitive representations of Russia. Focusing on the life and works of Giles Fletcher, the elder, ambassador to Russia in 1588, this work explores two popular themes in Elizabethan history: exploration, travel and trade and late Elizabethan political culture. By analysing the pervasive languages of commonwealth, corruption and tyranny found in both the Muscovy Company accounts and in Fletcher’s writings on Russia, this monograph explores how Russia was a useful tool for Elizabethans to think with when they contemplated the nature of government and the changing face of monarchy in the late Elizabethan regime. It will appeal to academics and students of Elizabethan political culture and literary studies, as well as those of early modern travel and trade.
eBook
A People Passing Rude
Described by the sixteenth-century English poet George Turbervile as \"a people passing rude, to vices vile inclin’d\", the Russians waited some three centuries before their subsequent cultural achievements—in music, art and particularly literature—achieved widespread recognition in Britain. The essays in this stimulating collection attest to the scope and variety of Russia’s influence on British culture. They move from the early nineteenth century—when Byron sent his hero Don Juan to meet Catherine the Great, and an English critic sought to come to terms with the challenge of Pushkin—to a series of Russian-themed exhibitions at venues including the Crystal Palace and Earls Court. The collection looks at British encounters with Russian music, the absorption with Dostoevskii and Chekhov, and finishes by shedding light on Britain’s engagement with Soviet film. Edited by Anthony Cross, one of the world’s foremost authorities on Anglo-Russian relations, A People Passing Rude is essential reading for anyone with an interest in British and Russian cultures and their complex relationship.
eBook
Changes of EU Countries Positions in the International Trade of Mineral Fuels, Lubricants and Related Materials in 2016-2020: Influence of Coronavirus Pandemic
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is an explanation of a dependency of all countries of the European Union on fuel imports in spite of EU activities to limit this dependency by using renewable energy. Moreover, Author considers a decrease of this dependency connected with the coronavirus pandemic. Changes of positions of particular EU member-countries in the international trade of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials, (named fuels in this article) are helpful to understand their various situations of dependency on fuel imports. Design/Methodology/Approach: The design is finding the efficiency of the EU energy policy and the importance of the recession of 2020 caused by the corona pandemic to decrease the EU dependency on the fuel imports and perspectives to change this situation. The research method is a describing political-economic analysis that bases on statistical data. The approach covers a description of changing positions of particular EU countries in international trade of fuels including importance of fuels in their exports and imports of all products. Findings: The following countries were the most important net importers of fuels in 2019: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom and Poland. In 2016, the first five countries had the same places. Poland obtained the eight position in 2016. The first four countries had the same positions in 2020. Poland obtained the fifth position in 2020 (after Brexit). Moreover, trade deficit in fuels of all EU countries deepened in 2016-2019 in spite of the pro-ecological EU energy policy. The EU energy policy and the recession caused by the coronavirus pandemic together limited the EU dependency on the fuel imports in 2020. Practical Implications: The result can be considered to elaborate the short-term and long-term EU energy policy. Originality/Value: Original research paper. Keywords: Mineral fuels, oil, international trade, coronavirus (Covid-19).
Journal Article
It's the Local Economy, Stupid! Geographic Wealth Dispersion and Conflict Outbreak Location
Income varies considerably within countries and the locations where conflicts emerge are rarely typical or representative for states at large. Yet, most research on conflict has only examined national income averages and neglected spatial variation. The authors argue that civil conflicts are more likely to erupt in areas with low absolute income, even if a country's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is not necessarily low, and in areas with large deviations from national averages. The authors test these hypotheses empirically using spatially disaggregated data on the location of conflict outbreaks and per capita income estimates. The authors find that areas with absolute poverty indeed see more outbreaks of conflict, and they find some evidence that inequality increases the risk of conflict. Subnational information can improve on conventional country-based measures and help our understanding of how local features and variation can give rise to mobilization and violence.
Journal Article
Is the West Wobbling on its Democratic Pedestal?
The West has been arguing for decades that the Developing World and PostSoviet World should be democratic. It argues that democracy is the best form of government and that countries around the world should embrace democracy or face certain kinds of punishment such as a reduction in development aid. It is not the purpose of this paper to argue the benefits of democracy over other forms of government but instead to argue that, with democratic norms under attack in much of the West, that the West is no longer in a moral position to claim to be the promoters of democracy internationally. This paper will discuss events, laws, and actions by Western Countries that are inimical to democracy and argue that if the West wants to regain what it sees as the democratic moral high ground it must alter its policies to being more democratic itself.
Journal Article
Collective Recognition and Regional Parliaments: Navigating Statehood Conflict
This study explores whether and how regional parliaments facilitate collective state recognition, a question that has been overlooked within a literature that focuses more on recognition by individual states or international organizations more generally. We do that through a scoping exercise of how regional parliaments of four major international organizations (AU, CoE, EU, OSCE) have responded to past and present contested statehood efforts that are associated with conflicts, such as in Palestine, Western Sahara, Kosovo, or the post-Soviet space. Based on this, we conceptualize three different stances: recognition, non-recognition, and titular recognition (of a right to, as opposed to the presence of, statehood) and we propose that these stances become apparent declaratively, through resolutions or other formal texts of regional parliaments, or institutionally (e.g., through membership). We also find that regional parliaments display a certain agency through using specific parliamentary instruments to respond to statehood claimants, promoting debates on those claims, and expressing recognition stances different from the executive bodies of the organization. Further, we illustrate these arguments through a more in-depth analysis of the European Parliament's approach toward Kosovo's statehood. In this regard, the paper offers a missing but important account of how regional parliaments facilitate collective recognition and contribute to defining what is a state, one of the most fundamental questions of international relations, which sits at the heart of long and complex conflicts. The proposed conceptual and theoretical arguments can facilitate further studies on state recognition, particularly collective recognition and the role of international organizations.
Journal Article
'Red Amazons'? Gendering Violence and Revolution in the Long First World War, 1914-23
This article seeks to position gender theory as critical to making sense of one of the First World War's largest remaining historical problems: the persistence of mass violence after November 1918. While Robert Gerwarth and John Horne's pathbreaking work on veteran violence has challenged the standard 1914-18 periodisation of the war, their focus on military defeat and revolution obscures the centrality of gender relations to the continuation of violence after the formal end of hostilities. By putting their work into conversation with that of feminist theorists, I argue that countries which experienced more extreme gender dislocation or 'gender trouble' witnessed the greatest post-war violence, chiefly in the former German, Austro-Hungarian, and Russian empires. In states where women's struggles were more successfully contained, patriarchal forces faced a less severe threat and thus responded with considerably less violence. Drawing on the work of Judith Butler, Laura Doan, Joanna Bourke, Klaus Theweleit, and Erika Kuhlman, this article shows how right-wing violence targeting 'red women' in this period was not a mere outgrowth of battles between competing nationalisms or communism and fascism, but, crucially, a military clash between feminism and anti-feminism. With revitalised feminist movements sweeping Europe today from Poland to Ireland, understanding the violent restoration of patriarchy in the early 1920s offers crucial lessons–and warnings–for our own dangerously promising political moment.
Journal Article
