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Comparative Analyses of Public Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration Using Multinational Survey Data: A Review of Theories and Research
This article critically reviews the intersectional locus of public opinion scholarship and immigration studies that make use of data from multinational survey projects. Specifically, it emphasizes current cross-national research seeking to understand the causes, manifestations, and implications of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in economically advanced countries of the world. Despite rapid expansion, the field suffers from several methodological challenges and theoretical constraints. A succinct exposure of trends and patterns is followed by presentations of influential theoretical perspectives and established individual- and contextual-level determinants. The review suggests that strengthening the conceptual apparatus and enlarging the analytical focus are priorities. It concludes with some observations on how to circumvent these problems and to bridge current research with future explorations of the embedded nature of such public attitudes.
Journal Article
Re-evaluating Irish national security policy
On the afternoon of September 11 2001 the Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach), Bertie Ahern ordered the ‘heads of the security services of key government departments’ to undertake a complete re-evaluation of measures to protect the state from attack. Hence, underway within hours of the 9/11 outrage in the United States was potentially the most far-reaching review of Irish national security in decades. This book, an academic investigation of Irish national security policy as it has operated since 9/11, provides a theoretically informed analysis of that re-evaluation and the decisions that were taken as a consequence of it up until September 2008. In so doing, it draws on unprecedented access to Ireland's police, security and intelligence agencies; over twenty senior personnel agreed to be interviewed. Questions are raised over the effectiveness of the Irish agencies, the relative absence of naval and airborne defence and the impact on national security of the policy imperative to transform the Defence Forces, particularly the army, for more robust missions overseas. The book also considers the securitisation of Irish immigration policy and the apparent absence of a coherent integration policy despite international evidence suggesting the potential for radicalisation in socially marginalised western communities. Theoretically, the book demonstrates the utility to the analysis of national security policy of three conceptual models of historical institutionalism, governmental politics and threat evaluation.
eBook
Twenty Years of Irish American Historiography
Emigrants and Exiles by Kerby Miller remains by far the best general history of Irish migration and Irish American history. A finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 1986, despite its length and difficulty, it will retain its preeminence until another historian produces a work of comparable scale and ambition. To sketch the outlines of what this new history might look like, Kenny offers a brief survey of historical scholarship on the American Irish since Miller wrote his book, concentrating on the following themes: the process of migration, the colonial period of American history labor and race, the interaction of the Irish with other immigrant and ethnic groups in the US, and the emergence of new transnational contexts for Irish American history.
Journal Article
Costs, benefits, and fitness consequences of different migratory strategies
The relative fitness of individuals across a population can shape distributions and drive population growth rates. Migratory species often winter over large geographic ranges, and individuals in different locations experience very different environmental conditions, including different migration costs, which can potentially create fitness inequalities. Here we used energetics models to quantify the trade-offs experienced by a migratory shorebird species at locations throughout the nonbreeding range, and the associated consequences for migratory performance, survival, and breeding habitat quality. Individuals experiencing more favorable winter conditions had higher survival rates, arrived on the breeding grounds earlier, and occupied better quality breeding areas, even when migration costs are substantially higher, than individuals from locations where the energy balance on the wintering grounds was less favorable. The energy costs and benefits of occupying different winter locations can therefore create fitness inequalities which can shape the distribution and population-wide demography of migratory species.
Journal Article
The Irish diaspora in Britain, 1750-1939
\"This established study focuses on the most important phase of Irish migration, providing analysis of why and how the Irish settled in such numbers. Updated and expanded, the new edition now extends the coverage to 1939 and features new chapters on gender and the Irish diaspora in global perspective\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
From the World to the Village and the Beginning to the End and after: Research Opportunities in Irish American History
Meagher talks about some research opportunities in Irish American history. Over the last half century of historical scholarship in America, Irish Americans have kept turning up in American history books, sometimes as the centers of their own story, more often as critical exemplars of themes or arguments in larger studies of American social, cultural, and political history. Surprising as it may seem to some, there is still much to know about the Irish in America. In the last few decades, for example, scholars have made an exciting start in exploring them not in isolation but in the context of a broader, worldwide Irish diaspora. Scholars, however, have still barely scratched the surface of that research's potential. Furthermore, scarcely any attention at all has been paid to some elemental parts of the Irish American story, such as the local origins of America's Irish--where in Ireland they came from--or the networks they forged to take them from their Irish townlands and villages to American city neighborhoods, mining villages, and mill towns.
Journal Article