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The application of pressure can achieve novel structures and exotic phenomena in condensed matters. However, such pressure-induced transformations are generally reversible and useless for engineering materials for ambient-environment applications. Here, we report comprehensive high-pressure investigations on a series of Dion–Jacobson (D-J) perovskites A′A n−1Pb n I3n+1 [A′ = 3-(aminomethyl) piperidinium (3AMP), A = methylammonium (MA), n = 1, 2, 4]. Our study demonstrates their irreversible behavior, which suggests pressure/strain engineering could viably improve light-absorber material not only in situ but also ex situ, thus potentially fostering the development of optoelectronic and electroluminescent materials. We discovered that the photoluminescence (PL) intensities are remarkably enhanced by one order of magnitude at mild pressures. Also, higher pressure significantly changes the lattices, boundary conditions of electronic wave functions, and possibly leads to semiconductor–metal transitions. For (3AMP)(MA)₃Pb₄I13, permanent recrystallization from 2D to three-dimensional (3D) structure occurs upon decompression, with dramatic changes in optical properties.

Low-dimensional metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to the traditional three-dimensional (3D) components, due to their greater structural tunability and environmental stability. Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, which are formed by incorporating bulky organic diammonium cations into inorganic frameworks that comprises a symmetrically layered array, have recently attracted increasing research interest. The structure-property characteristics of DJ phase perovskites endow them with a unique combination of photovoltaic efficiency and stability, which has led to their impressive employment in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we review the achievements that have been made to date in the exploitation of DJ phase perovskites in photovoltaic applications. We summarize the various ligand designs, optimization strategies and applications of DJ phase PSCs, and examine the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying their functional behavior. Finally, we discuss the remaining bottlenecks and future outlook for these promising materials, and possible development directions of further commercial processes.

This is a detailed, wide-ranging interview with the Booker-Prize-winning novelist, broad-caster and public intellectual Howard Jacobson, conducted by the author of the only monograph on his work. On the eve of the publication of his memoir, Mother’s Boy, Jacobson discusses that work, his relationship with his parents, his attitude towards other novelists, and his views on, among other things, Jewishness, antisemitism, poetry, art, television and Trump.

Roman Jacobson’s verbal communication theory, in which the main functions and roles (sender, message, and receiver) and secondary roles (topic, symbols, and communication channel) of language are considered, is one of the most consistent theories in the field of linguistics and literary criticism. Based on this theory, directing the message towards each of these roles causes the emergence of special functions such as emotional, persuasive, literary, referential, meta-linguistic, and empathy. In the study of Sana'i Ghaznavi’s quatrains, according to the six functions of language, it was found that in addition to the literary role, which all quatrains have due to the use of poetic elements, the emotional role also has the greatest function. In the emotional role in which the direction of the message is towards the speaker, the poet has expressed his emotions and feelings in a simple and intimate language regarding issues such as beloved, admired, or his opponents. Therefore, the purpose and centrality of the speech in these quatrains are with the sender (the poet) and the literary type of these quatrains is the type of lyric literature in which the structure of description is considered the most important structure and the poet has described categories such as love, lover, praise, man, world, and God. Keywords: Sanai Ghaznavi, Quatrain, Theory of Verbal Communication, Roman Jacobson. IntroductionSana'i Ghaznavi (d. 529 A.H.), is a famous poet of the 6th century. In addition to being considered a flow-making poet in Masnavi, odes, and ghazals, he is also a poet in the quatrains and opening new semantic horizons. He brought mysticism into the realm of quatrains and in this sense created a new movement in quatrains that were more romantic before him. For this reason, his works are among the texts that have been referred to as \"the text of the moment of change\" (Fottouhi, 2012, p. 230). In these quatrains, various themes can be seen such as romantic, mystical, philosophical, and moral, as well as praise, satire, witnessing, and chaos, which are usually divided into ‘light’ and ‘gray’ categories (Shafiei Kadkani, 2010, p. 25-34).In addition to mystical themes, his Khayamiyat is also worthy of reflection in this poetic form. The themes of Khayami, before Sana'i, are seen in other poetic forms (Islami Nadoushan, 1995, p. 122). Introducing these themes into the form of quatrains is very likely done for the first time by Sana'i. Sanai is also a pioneer in composing the quatrains of Shahreshob (Shamisa, 1984, p. 55). In this research, while examining the Sana'i quatrains based on Roman Jacobson's communication model, these questions have been posed:Which role is more important in these quatrains?What is the function of other roles in these poems?How does a dominant construction influence other constructions? Materials and MethodsThe method of conducting this research is the descriptive-analytical method, in which all Sana'i Ghaznavi’s quatrains have been examined and studied based on Roman Jacobson's model of verbal communication, and the six functions of language in these quatrains have been categorized and analyzed by mentioning the frequency. Research FindingsIt is rare to find a poem in which only one of the language roles is used, but in most instances, two or more language roles are present at the same time, and even in some cases, the language roles are separated from each other. According to Jacobson, what makes different messages different from each other is \"the predominance of one of the functions of language over other roles\" (Meghdadi, 1999, p. 623). In the analysis of Sana'i quatrains based on Roman Jacobson's communication model, it was found that in addition to the literary role that all quatrains have due to the poet's use of the quatrain format and the use of literary devices, the emotional role has the most function, which has influenced other roles of language. The most obvious structure in the emotional role is the structure of description, in which the poet has described his situation, his lover, his admirers, and sometimes his opponents. In addition to these two main roles, Sanai has also used other roles of language, i.e. persuasive, referential, meta-linguistic, and empathic roles. The most important structure in the role of persuasion is the structure of advice, which includes moral, religious, and romantic advice. In the referential role, the poet's point of view can be seen towards categories such as love, lover, human, world, and God. Considering these points, it can be said that Jacobson's theory of linguistic communication is an efficient and coherent theory in the analysis of literary works, which pays attention to both the structure and the content of the literary work. Discussion of Results and ConclusionsAccording to Jacobson's model of verbal communication, Sana'i has used all the six roles of language in his quatrains. In the emotional role, Sana'i talks about his feelings in relation to his lover, praised, or his opponents. Therefore, his quatrains can be considered a type of lyrical literature, in which the most important element is description, and the most important structure in description is the herding structure, in which Sana'i complains to the herd and about his lover's cruelty. He pays attention to his lover's bad temper, bad language, cunning, trickery, reproach, and cuteness. The tone of lamentation and glory from the lover is sometimes to such an extent that it finds the side of burning and symptoms of the lover, and in some cases, it even comes close to satire. In addition to being proud of his lover, Sanai complains about destiny, luck, and sometimes from some of his friends and relatives. The predominance of the emotional tone in Sena'i quatrains is such that it has overshadowed other roles and functions of language.In the role of persuasion, in which the direction of the message is towards the audience and the structure of advice is considered the most important structure, in cases where the audience is a lover, the tone of the poet is not commanding, but is accompanied with a kind of desire and expression of romantic need. Of course, in cases where the audience is general, the poet's tone becomes commanding. In these cases, the most important recommendations are moral recommendations. In addition to the structure of advice, the structure of wish, which comes with a prayer verb, has a significant function in which the poet has a wish in the form of a prayer or a curse for his beloved, praised, or opponents. In addition to these roles, the poet has also used other roles of language, i.e. the role of meta-linguistics and empathy.

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) show tremendous potential for field‐effect transistors (FETs), but N‐type Pbbased MHP FETs have been hindered by critical challenges, including high defect densities, ion migration, and poor reproducibility. In this work, a simple yet powerful ultrathin TiO2 interlayer strategy is introduced that fundamentally transforms the fabrication of Pb‐based MHP FETs. By pre‐depositing an ultrathin TiO2 layer before perovskite film deposition, reproducible and operationally stable MAPbI3 FETs with remarkable performance are achieved. Comprehensive characterizations reveal that the TiO2 interlayer enhances precursor wetting, promotes larger and more uniform grain formation, reduces defect density, and effectively suppresses non‐radiative recombination and ion migration. The universality of this approach is demonstrated by successfully extending it to 2D Dion‐Jacobson phase perovskites, including PDAPbI4 and its derivatives. The fabricated devices exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including high on/off ratios, low hysteresis, and impressive stability. As a proof of concept, a complementary inverter is constructed using perovskite‐only components, showcasing the potential for integrated logic circuits. This work provides a robust fabrication method for high‐performance Pb‐based perovskite FETs with broad applicability. An ultrathin TiO2 interlayer strategy is developed for fabricating high‐performance, lead‐based, N‐type perovskite field‐effect transistors. This method improves film quality, reduces defects, and suppresses ion migration, enabling reproducible and stable devices. The strategy is successfully applied to both 3D (MAPbI3) and 2D Dion‐Jacobson phase perovskites, demonstrating its broad applicability and paving the way for perovskite‐based circuits.

This paper is about rings $R$ for which every element is a sum of a tripotent and an element from the Jacobson radical $J(R)$ . These rings are called semi-tripotent rings. Examples include Boolean rings, strongly nil-clean rings, strongly 2-nil-clean rings, and semi-boolean rings. Here, many characterizations of semi-tripotent rings are obtained. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a Morita context (respectively, for a group ring of an abelian group or a locally finite nilpotent group) to be semi-tripotent are proved.

Two‐dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have captured a range of interest for the advancement of state‐of‐the‐art optoelectronic devices, highly efficient solar cells, next‐generation energy harvesting technologies owing to their hydrophobic nature, layered configuration, and remarkable chemical/environmental stabilities. These 2D LHPs have been categorized into the Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) and Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) systems based on their layered configuration respectively. To efficiently classify the RP and DJ phases synthetically and reduce reliance on trial/error method, machine learning (ML) techniques needs to develop. Herein, this work effectively identifies RP and DJ phases of 2D LHPs by implementing various ML models. ML models were trained on 264 experimental data set using 10‐fold stratified cross‐validation, hyperparameter optimization with Optuna, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were employed. The stacking classifier efficiently classified RP and DJ phases, demonstrating a minimal variation between the sensitivity and specificity and achieved a high Balance Accuracy (BA) of (0.83) on independent test data set. Our best model tested on 17 hybrid 2D LHPs and three experimental synthesized 2D LHPs aligns well experimental outcomes, a significant advance in cutting edge ML models. Thus, this proposed study has unlocked a new route toward the rational classification of RP and DJ phases of 2D LHPs. Optimized ML framework for predicting RP and Dj phases in perovskite solar cells.

This article parses the role of the body in Howard Jacobson’s Kalooki Nights and the manner in which Jacobson satirically draws on antisemitic concepts of Jewish difference. The article explores the role of the body in Jacobson’s magnum opus and how the author deconstructs the binaries that define and separate Jews and non-Jews. It offers new close readings of the novel that focus on the protagonist’s failed marriages, and – following from David Brauner’s recent monograph-length study – brings into focus new ways in which Jacobson’s novel engages and departs from Philip Roth.

Howard Jacobson is one of the leading Anglo-Jewish writers of the past forty years. He has received considerable acclaim but articles about Jacobson have rarely featured his career as a broadcaster, on British television and radio. Since the 1980s he has regularly appeared as a subject of TV documentaries, including Arena (BBC2) and The South Bank Show (ITV), a presenter of individual programmes such as Sorry, Judas and The South Bank Show: Why the Novel Matters to Roots Schmoots and Seriously Funny and a number of discussion programmes, including Start the Week (Radio 4), The Sundays (Channel 4) and The Late Show (BBC2).

This article analyses Howard Jacobson’s 2014 novel J, which depicts the aftermath of an imagined genocide of the Jews in Britain, and explores its connections to other examples of British-set counterfactual Holocaust fiction. The representation of mass murder on British soil in Jacobson’s novel is achieved despite its omission of such crucial words as ‘Jew’, making the task of identifying these events and their victims into one shared by the novel’s protagonists and the reader. This article identifies the varied targets of J’s satire, which include that of increasing British insularity and its basis in assumptions of moral superiority in relation to the commission of wartime atrocities in Europe. Yet the novel also critiques in more general terms those aspects of contemporary life’s dependence on conformity-inducing technologies, to suggest that the figure of the Jew, and responses to the Jewish presence, offer a more vital alternative.