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Syzygium cumini, also called Jamun, or black plum, is an excellent source of bioactive components such as flavonoids, polyphenols, antioxidants, iron, and vitamin C. The Jamun tree is a tropical evergreen blooming plant and is an important medicinal plant from the Myrtaceae family that has been used for a long time in Indian and other traditional medicines across the world. Jamun is mainly cultivated in Asian countries such as Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. Since ancient medicine, it has been utilized to treat a variety of diseases and physiological conditions. Currently, it is mostly used as a medication to treat various metabolic issues, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, etc. Therefore, Jamun could serve a beneficial role against metabolic syndrome (MS). In this work, the latest available scientific literature on Jamun was collected and the clinical trials investigating its effect on diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia were analyzed to find out how Jamun could improve the symptoms and biomarkers of MS. Overall, the results of this study found a significant association of Jamun with the prevention and treatment of these biomarkers of MS. In many studies, Jamun showed pharmacological modifications not only in MS but in many other diseases as well. Currently, its utilization as a folk medicine for the treatment of patients with MS is widely acknowledged. Hence, the findings of a large number of clinical studies confirmed the ameliorating effects of Jamun against MS due to its antioxidation, antidiabetic, anti-inflammation anticarcinogenic, and hyperlipidemic effects. More research is still needed to determine and identify the Jamun compounds and to elucidate their mechanisms of action that are responsible for these astounding bioactive properties and health benefits.

Jamun (Syzygium cuminii) is an important minor fruits in India. Minor fruits are good source of nutrition and pharmaceuticals properties. Among all minor fruits Jamun is highly perishable but nutritious. It is mainly used for diabetes patients and in the pharmaceuticals industries. It is a good source of anthocyanin, effective against the analgesic properties. There is no proper data available for the Indian Jamun. The fruit is having a very good market value, but due to its unavailability and perishability it is still unexploited. Physicochemical, mechanical and sensory properties had been investigated for Jamun fruit as well as seed in this paper for further use and storage. Weight of the whole fruit was 8.99±1.89gm whereas the seed weight was 1.64±0.21gm. In case of mechanical property whole fruit can be penetrated up-to 4.1mm whereas, at the same load for seed it can penetrate up-to 2.53mm. Purple colour for pulp, juice and whole fruit was -9.7, -0.9, and -0.76 respectively. High amount of polyphenol (203.76±9.84, 386.51±10.25) tannin (94.52±9.19, 388.99±7.34) and anthocyanin (195.58±6.15, 18.47±1.99) present in both fruit and seed. In case of minerals, presence of K, Ca and Na are significant. In case of sensory analysis mouthfeel and colour was good compared to market sample. This study is helpful for the postharvest processing, machine designing and for further analysis of Jamun.

In the present study, resveratrol content and antioxidant properties of underutilized fruits such as Jamun ( Syzygium cumini L.), Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) and Mulberry ( Morus rubra ) were investigated keeping Grape ( Vitis vinifera ) as a reference. Ethanol/water (80:20 v/v) extracts of different parts of fruit samples including skin, pulp and seeds were analyzed by HPLC and MS for the quantification of resveratrol. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, DPPH scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were also investigated. Among the samples analyzed, mulberry fruit (whole) showed highest resveratrol content (50.61 μg g −1 dry weight) followed by jamun seed (34.87 μg g −1 dry weight), jamun pulp (13.70 μg g −1 dry weight) and skin of jamun (11.19 μg g −1 dry weight). Jamun seed extract exhibited the highest polyphenol content (55.54 mg gallic acid equivalent g −1 dry weight) and highest antioxidant property (IC 50 value-0.40 mg ml −1 ). The results suggest that underutilized fruits high in resveratrol and other polyphenols can be used as functional beverages.

In this study, we report an eco-friendly approach for synthesizing CuS nanorods using aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini seeds as a sustainable alternative. The formation of CuS nanorods were confirmed with UV-Vis, SEM and TEM investigations and were found to be around 6–10 nm in length with hexagonal phase. The adsorption of Cd 2+ ions onto CuS nanorods was optimized using Box-Behnken Design. The adsorption capacity of CuS nanorods towards Cd 2+ ions was calculated to be 266.5 mg g − 1 . Based on the error analysis, the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic models were best applicable for the obtained data. Activation energy of 24.73 kJ mol − 1 from Arrhenius equation suggests the physical adsorption of Cd 2+ ions by CuS nanorods. A maximum MO degradation was achieved within 120 min with first order kinetics explaining the degradation process. The CuS nanorods were explored for antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and the zone of inhibitions were high due to the rod shaped CuS nanomaterial with ROS generation being mechanism of activity. These results highlight the ability of the CuS nanorods synthesised in this study in wastewater treatment with microbial activity making it a sustainable material for clean water management.

An experiment was conducted using jamun to assess the physiology of seedless fruit formation. Seedless jamuns have higher content of gibberellic acid (GA₃) (0.876 mg g–1) than seeded fruits (0.461 mg g–1) produced in the seedless genotype. Consequently, GA₃ at 100 ppm was sprayed over the jamun trees that resulted in 99.5% seedless fruit production, which was higher than the unsprayed control (72.6%). Also, the application of GA₃ at 300 ppm resulted in 36.4% seedless fruit formation in the seeded genotype. In corroboration with embryo abortion by GA₃, the fruits sprayed with the latter at 100 ppm were analysed for their GA₃ content. The results indicated that GA₃ content was highest (5.609 mg g–1) in these fruits when compared to control (0.683 mg g–1).

There is a significant indication of the beneficial health effects of fruit rich diets. Fruits of native plant species have noticeably different phytochemicals and bioactive effects. The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the constituents of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba, MJ), jamun-berry (Syzygium cumini, SC), and malay-apple (Syzygium malaccense, SM) extracts and their influence on antioxidant activity in vitro and antiproliferative effects on human colon adenocarcinoma cells. According to the results, dried peel powders (DP) have a high anthocyanin content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity when compared to freeze dried extracts (FD). M. jaboticaba dried peel powder extract had a higher total anthocyanin and phenolic compounds content (802.90 ± 1.93 and 2152.92 ± 43.95 mg/100 g, respectively). A reduction in cell viability of HT-29 cells after treatment with M. jaboticaba extracts (DP-MJ and FD-MJ) was observed via MTT assay. Flow cytometry showed that the treatment with the anthocyanin-rich extracts from MJ, SC, and SM had an inhibitory impact on cell development due to G2/M arrest and caused a rise in apoptotic cells in relation to the control group. The findings of this study highlight the potential of peel powders from Myrtaceae fruits as an important source of natural antioxidants and a protective effect against colon adenocarcinoma.

Syzygium cumini, locally known as Jamun in Asia, is a fruit-bearing crop belonging to the Myrtaceae family. This study aims to summarize the most recent literature related to botany, traditional applications, phytochemical ingredients, pharmacological activities, nutrition, and potential food applications of S. cumini. Traditionally, S. cumini has been utilized to combat diabetes and dysentery, and it is given to females with a history of abortions. Anatomical parts of S. cumini exhibit therapeutic potentials including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimalarial, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities attributed to the presence of various primary and secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids (i.e., quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol), phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid) and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, petunidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside). Different fruit parts of S. cumini have been employed to enhance the nutritional and overall quality of jams, jellies, wines, and fermented products. Today, S. cumini is also used in edible films. So, we believe that S. cumini’s anatomical parts, extracts, and isolated compounds can be used in the food industry with applications in food packaging and as food additives. Future research should focus on the isolation and purification of compounds from S. cumini to treat various disorders. More importantly, clinical trials are required to develop low-cost medications with a low therapeutic index.

Aim: To standardize appropriate blends of jamun and bael for developing fruit cheese and its nutritional and microbial analysis during 90 days of storage. Methodology: Fruit cheese was prepared by blending jamun and bael fruit in different ratios of pulp in each treatment. The blended product was monitored regularly for 90 days of storage period at ambient conditions at an interval of 30 days. The data obtained was analysed statistically using Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) at 5 % level of significance. Results: With the advancement of storage period moisture content, crude protein, ash and crude fat decreased from 16.94 to 15.90 %, 2.15 to1.72%, 0.63 to 0.52 % and 5.98 to 5.54 %, respectively. Available carbohydrates and browning showed increasing trend from 74.30 to 76.35 % and 0.483 to 0.610 (OD), respectively, during storage with highest mean available carbohydrate of 76.25 % in treatment containing 100 % jamun. Interpretation: Jamun and bael fruits can be blended to formulate fruit cheese with improved nutritional quality viz., crude protein, ash and minerals. The microbiological characteristics of prepared fruit cheese were within safe limits. The blended fruit cheese can be stored at room temperature for more than 90 days without much loss in nutritional and eating quality.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized an ecofriendly route using Indian Jamun seed aqueous extract. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized for their surface properties using characterization techniques such as UV-Visible, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were found to be spherical with a size ≤1 nm, as evidenced from SEM and TEM investigations. The XRD patterns confirm the formation of the wurtzite phase of ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles were later investigated for their ability to remediate Hg ions from aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the independent variables, and optimal results were achieved at pH 6, 45 min of contact time, and an initial concentration of 100 mg·L Hg ions. The applicability of the developed model was supported by a -value of <0.0001 being significant, and 11 out of 20 runs resulted in above 75% of removal efficiency. The loading capacity of the ZnO nanoparticles was calculated to be 122.7 mg·g . The decolourization of methylene blue was achieved successfully with ZnO nanoparticles within 150 min. A moderate antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized in this study, with zones of inhibition of 15 and 14 mm for and respectively. The results conclude that the Indian jamun seed extract-mediated ZnO nanoparticles are excellent candidates for the remediation of Hg ion-contaminated water streams.

Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) is a worldwide medicinal plant traditionally used in herbal medicines due to its vaunted properties against cardiometabolic disorders, which include: antihyperglycemic, hypolipemiant, antiinflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant activities. These properties have been attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, and tannins in different parts of the plant, albeit the knowledge on their mechanisms of action is scarce. This mini-review highlights the cardiometabolic properties of S. cumini by correlating its already identified phytochemicals with their described mechanisms of action. Data herein compiled show that some compounds target multiple metabolic pathways; thereby, becoming potential pharmacological tools. Moreover, the lack of clinical trials on S. cumini usage makes it a fruitful field of interest for both scientific community and pharmaceutical industry.