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The Impact of MSC Certification on a Japanese Certified Fishery
This article investigates the impact of Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification on a Japanese certified fishery. In September 2008, the MSC first certified the Kyoto Danish Seine Fishery Federation (KDSFF) as a sustainable fishery in Asia. In order to examine any impact of MSC certification on the KDSFF, this study examines structural changes in the market. Since no immediate impact of price premium changes can be realized, structural break tests and cointegration tests are conducted. The monthly ex-vessel price of flathead flounder in the Kyoto market is compared with those in the two adjacent uncertified markets. The structural break tests detected a significant impact two months after the KDSFF’s certification. The cointegration and Granger causality tests showed that the Kyoto market was previously influenced by other larger markets, but has become less subject to their influence after introduction of MSC certification.
Journal Article
Tokyo Bay as a productive landscape
In the large body of research on the relationship between cities and their hinterlands, the role of bodies of water as productive resources has often been overlooked. Tokyo presents the case of a city whose bay has played an indispensable role in the growth of the city, in perceptions
of the cityscape and, most importantly, in provisioning the urban population. This essay examines the management of bay fisheries from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries to show how the character of the political regime governing the city shaped the way that fishing communities
and the urban consumer population exploited and enjoyed the urban aquascape.
Journal Article
The politics of decrementalism: The case of soviet-japanese salmon catch negotiations, 1957-1977
Locating the Soviet‐Japanese fishery negotiations of 1957–1977 in the broader perspective of emerging ocean politics, a time series model of negotiation processes and outcomes is constructed to show that the negotiations can best be characterized as the politics of decrementalism. A state space equations model allows some advantage over more conventional estimating procedures. Such a model is constructed to show the nature and characteristics of the decremental outcomes in the bilateral negotiations of 1957–1976 and takes account of the major policy intervention of 1962. The model is used to predict the 1977 negotiation outcomes on the basis of parameters recursively estimated from the 1957–1976 data set. The model, which applies to the bilateral subsystem of a supranational system, gives good predictive performance. Some conclusions and implications are drawn for conflict and its resolution in the context of Soviet‐Japanese relations, as well as in the context of bilateral negotiations in the new ocean order.
Journal Article
The Fish War with Japan
In 1942, the United States began planning the occupation of Japan, arriving with a series of policies designed to completely transform Japanese life. One example was the effort to transform Japanese fisheries into an American model. The chapter discusses SCAP (Supreme Commander Allied Powers) policies that rebuilt the Japanese fishing industry. It also describes the establishment of MacArthur fishing zone, which opened a limited area around Japan for fishing.
Book Chapter
Review of population dynamics and management of small pelagic fishes around the Japanese Archipelago
Population dynamics of small pelagic fishes (SPF) and their management in Japan were reviewed for Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus, Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, and Pacific saury Cololabis saira. The catch and biomass of SPF generally showed decadal-scale variability with prominent species replacements since the 1900s. The causes of species replacements were generally associated with climatic/oceanic variability, particularly “regime shifts,” of which the 1988/89 regime shift was the most influential since the 1970s. Variability in the early survival rate is a key factor for population fluctuations, and the proposed hypothetical mechanisms of recruitment variability are summarized herein. Although overfishing during the 1990s and early 2000s prevented the recovery of Pacific stocks of sardine and chub mackerel, they have been recovering since the mid-2000s owing to strong year classes and reduced exploitation rates. The fundamental cause of overfishing was derived from a mismatch between investments in larger purse seine fleets during the 1980s and poor ocean productivity since the 1988/89 regime shift, when dominant SPF began to shift from sardine to anchovy. Recommendations for fisheries management of SPF around the Japanese Archipelago are proposed, considering climate change and naturally and drastically changing SPF populations.
Journal Article
Global Mangrove Extent Change 1996–2020 Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0
Mangroves are a globally important ecosystem that provides a wide range of ecosystem system services, such as carbon capture and storage, coastal protection and fisheries enhancement. Mangroves have significantly reduced in global extent over the last 50 years, primarily as a result of deforestation caused by the expansion of agriculture and aquaculture in coastal environments. However, a limited number of studies have attempted to estimate changes in global mangrove extent, particularly into the 1990s, despite much of the loss in mangrove extent occurring pre-2000. This study has used L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) global mosaic datasets from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for 11 epochs from 1996 to 2020 to develop a long-term time-series of global mangrove extent and change. The study used a map-to-image approach to change detection where the baseline map (GMW v2.5) was updated using thresholding and a contextual mangrove change mask. This approach was applied between all image-date pairs producing 10 maps for each epoch, which were summarised to produce the global mangrove time-series. The resulting mangrove extent maps had an estimated accuracy of 87.4% (95th conf. int.: 86.2–88.6%), although the accuracies of the individual gain and loss change classes were lower at 58.1% (52.4–63.9%) and 60.6% (56.1–64.8%), respectively. Sources of error included misregistration in the SAR mosaic datasets, which could only be partially corrected for, but also confusion in fragmented areas of mangroves, such as around aquaculture ponds. Overall, 152,604 km2 (133,996–176,910) of mangroves were identified for 1996, with this decreasing by −5245 km2 (−13,587–1444) resulting in a total extent of 147,359 km2 (127,925–168,895) in 2020, and representing an estimated loss of 3.4% over the 24-year time period. The Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0 represents the most comprehensive record of global mangrove change achieved to date and is expected to support a wide range of activities, including the ongoing monitoring of the global coastal environment, defining and assessments of progress toward conservation targets, protected area planning and risk assessments of mangrove ecosystems worldwide.
Journal Article
Age and Growth of Japanese Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus, Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) in Coastal Waters around Shandong Peninsula, China
Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) is a small pelagic fish with commercial and ecological importance. In spite of its importance, in recent years, specific research on anchovy in the Shandong Peninsula area has been relatively scarce and outdated. This study aims to estimate the age and growth characteristics of anchovy through year-round seasonal sampling from 2016 to 2017, utilizing length–frequency and otolith microstructure analysis. The higher coastal abundance and larger size observed in the spring and summer suggest a potential peak spawning period for anchovies dominated by larger-sized individuals. Based on otolith analysis, anchovies range in age from 0 to 4 years, with a limited presence at age 0 and dominance in the age-1 group. The length–weight relationship (LWR) equation shows hyper-allometric growth for each season, with a mean relative condition factor (Kn) of 1.025 ± 0.005, indicating good health. Additionally, the von Bertalanffy growth equation of can be expressed as Lt = 154.40 [1 − e−0.604 (t + 0.965)], suggesting a medium growth rate (K = 0.604). These findings contribute to the understanding of anchovy age and growth patterns, emphasizing the continuous need for research and monitoring to support rational and sustainable fisheries management and conservation efforts.
Journal Article
Evidence of bottom-up effects of climate on Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) in the western North Pacific
Elucidating the mechanisms of fluctuations in fish populations are key to sustainable fisheries management. However, limited data combined with climate variability and fishing further constrain our understanding of fish population dynamics. Fortunately, marine sedimentary archives of fish abundance and environmental changes in the past, may provide new insights into long-term fish population fluctuations. Here, we used 150-year sediment records of the abundance of Japanese anchovy (
Engraulis japonicus
) scales, phytoplankton, and zooplankton biomarkers, and δ
15
N data previously reported from the central Yellow Sea (YS). We discussed the linkages of the anchovy abundance to ecosystem structure and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified negative effects of strong stratification (higher δ
15
N) and high abundance of haptophytes (higher alkenone content) on the anchovy stock through our analytical period (~1860–2005 AD). In addition, we found positive relationships between the anchovy abundance and plankton productivity in proxies before the period of intense fishing (1860–1980 AD), indicating bottom-up processes affecting the anchovy stock. However, the bottom-up processes became unclear under excessive fishing. This was possibly due to overfishing becoming a major driver after 1980, thereby altering the cascading of the marine ecosystem towards a different structure. Climate variability seems to indirectly influence the anchovy stock through bottom-up control via a cascading effect from the changes in the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) or the Pacific North American pattern (PNAP). The impacts of these changes on the hydrodynamic features of YS in turn influence the productivity of plankton prey for the anchovy. Collectively, our findings suggest that synergistic effects of climate and fishing on the anchovy need to be paid greater attention. Our results also contribute to an improved understanding of fish population fluctuations in other seas.
Journal Article
Consumer Preference for Fisheries Improvement Project: Case of Bigeye Tuna in Japan
In recent years, demand for sustainable fisheries certification, also known as seafood ecolabeling, has grown worldwide, with retailers actively promoting ecolabeled seafood, mainly in Europe and the United States. However, the costs associated with assessment and maintenance are typically incurred before certification, and the potential benefits are uncertain, which deters many fisheries from entering the certification process. The Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) is a market-driven mechanism that allows a fishery to gain recognition for its sustainable management efforts aimed at achieving sustainable certification. Market differentiation of FIP-participating fisheries from conventional fisheries has the potential to generate additional benefits that may offset some of the certification costs. However, successful differentiation efforts require consumer awareness, willingness to pay a premium, and effective communication strategies. This study investigates consumer preferences for bigeye tuna sashimi in Japan using a discrete choice experiment to determine if Japanese consumers are willing to pay a price premium for FIP-participating fisheries. The analysis resulted in a significant price premium for FIP and domestic certification valued more than international brands. These findings suggest that FIP-participating fisheries have the potential for cost recovery, even during the certification process.
Journal Article