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The end of landscape in nineteenth-century America
\"The End of Landscape in Nineteenth-Century America examines the dissolution of landscape painting in the late nineteenth-century United States. Focusing on the unorthodox artworks of four painters--Albert Bierstadt, Martin Johnson Heade, Ralph Blakelock, and Abbott Thayer--Maggie M. Cao proposes a new way of thinking about these artists' unexpected interventions and how they challenged, mourned, or revised the conventions of landscape painting, a major cultural project for nineteenth-century Americans. Through rich analysis of artworks at the genre's unsettling limits, Cao shows that landscape played a crucial role in the American encounter with modernity and was the genre through which American art most urgently sought to come to terms with the modern world\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Tribute to John C. Martin at the Twentieth Anniversary of the Breakthrough of Tenofovir in the Treatment of HIV Infections
At Bristol-Myers (BM) (1985–1990), John C. Martin started his HIV career with directing the clinical development of didanosine (ddI) and stavudine (d4T). During this period, he became aware of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs), such as (S)-HPMPA and PMEA, as potential antiviral drugs. Under his impulse, BM got involved in the evaluation of these ANPs, but the merger of BM with Squibb (to become BMS) incited John to leave BM and join Gilead Sciences, and the portfolio of the ANPs followed the transition. At Gilead, John succeeded in obtaining the approval from the US FDA for the use of cidofovir in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients, which was reminiscent of John’s first experience with ganciclovir (at Syntex) as an anti-CMV agent. At Gilead, John would then engineer the development of tenofovir, first as TDF (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and then as TAF (tenofovir alafenamide) and various combinations thereof, for the treatment of HIV infections (i), TDF and TAF for the treatment of hepatitis B (HBV) infections (ii), and TDF and TAF in combination with emtricitabine for the prophylaxis of HIV infections (iii).
Journal Article
Enough! : 20 protesters who changed America
\"From Samuel Adams to the students from Parkland, march through history with the heroic revolutionary protesters who changed America. These heroic protesters were not afraid to stand up for what they believed in. They are among the twenty change-makers in this book who used peaceful protests and brave actions to rewrite American history\"--Jacket.
BOOK
Lazy Man in China
Lazy Man in China is a witty, perceptive, self-deprecating take on China, drawn from letters written by John Martin to family, friends and colleagues, edited and updated by his partner, former Beijing correspondent Helene Chung.
eBook
Translating Diplomacy
By the time the English translation of Juan Bosch’s story “The Indelible Spot” was published in the Saturday Evening Post on November 16, 1963, his eight-month presidency was over. Bosch’s brief tenure was punctuated by growing unrest among Dominicans on the Left and mounting suspicion from those on the Right. Central to this tension was the question of his loyalties to US-style democracy, Soviet communism, and/or Castro’s Cuba. Against this backdrop, the tale of how his short story came to be translated and published is emblematic of the complex, contradictory, and confusing cultural and political discourses surrounding the future of the Dominican Republic within the sphere of US Cold War policies. Central to this analysis is the unique affiliation between two authors: Juan Bosch and John Bartlow Martin, the first US ambassador to the Dominican Republic after Trujillo’s assassination. Ultimately, the communiques and notes about the translation and two distinct versions of the final published story found in Martin’s papers at the Library of Congress reveal the ideological impasse between Cold War and Caribbean discourses of culture and power.
Para cuando se publicó la traducción al inglés de la historia “The Indelible Spot”, el 16 de noviembre de 1963 en The Saturday Evening Post, ya Juan Bosch había culminado su octavo mes de mandato tras la caída de su gobierno. La efímera estancia en el poder de Bosch se dio por el malestar de los dominicanos de la izquierda y las sospechas de aquellos de la derecha. El punto central de esta tensión radicaba en la duda de su lealtad al estilo de democracia estadounidense, el comunismo soviético y/o la Cuba castrista. La condición en las que se logró la traducción y posterior publicación del relato de Bosch es emblemática y compleja debido a los discursos culturales y políticos contradictorios que rodeaban el futuro de la República Dominicana dentro de la esfera de las políticas estadounidenses en torno a la Guerra Fría. El tema central de este análisis corresponde a la afiliación única entre dos autores: Juan Bosch y John Bartlow Martin, el primer embajador estadounidense en la República Dominicana después del asesinato de Trujillo. Por último, los comunicados y las notas de la traducción y dos versiones distintas de la historia final publicada encontrados en documentos de Martin en la Biblioteca del Congreso revelan el impase ideológico entre la Guerra Fría y los discursos caribeños de la cultura y el poder.
Journal Article
Moral Responsibility and History: Problems with Frankfurtian Nonhistoricism
This article examines the nonhistoricist higher-order compatibilist theory of moral responsibility devised and defended by Harry G. Frankfurt. Intuitions about certain kinds of cases of moral responsibility cast significant doubt on the wide irrelevancy clause of the nonhistoricist feature of Frankfurt's theory. It will be argued that, while the questions of the nature and ascription of moral responsibility must be separated in doing moral responsibility theory, the questions of whether or not and the extent to which an agent is morally responsible for performing certain kinds of actions cannot be settled without also answering the question of the history of that agent's attitudes, preferences, etc. which may have contributed to the agent's performing such actions. Thus Frankfurt's repeated claim that the history of an agent's action is \"irrelevant\" to the question of that agent's moral responsibility for it is rendered dubious, thereby rendering problematic the strongly nonhistoricist component of his theory. The methodological difference between my challenge to Frankfurt's nonhistoricism and those of others is that, while others have challenged Frankfurt's nonhistoriciams by way of thought experiments involving hyper-manipulation, mine presents a set of counter-examples to his nonhistoricism which emanate from morality and the law. Indeed, if my counter-example is plausible, then Frankfurt's nonhistoricism cannot make good sense of some standard instances of racism. Furthermore, while many believe that racist hate crimes ought to be punished more heavily than crimes committed absent hate, the argument herein provides reasons for mitigating, rather than increasing, the responsibility and punishments of many such crimes. What matters in such cases is the extent to which the hatred accompanying said crimes has a history in the agent's life, one which makes it significantly difficult for her to do other than what she did in committing the racist crime.
Journal Article
Epistemic issues in the free will debate: can we know when we are free?
In this paper, I argue that the views of Robert Kane on the one hand and John Fischer and Mark Ravizza on the other both lead to the following conclusion: we should have very low confidence in our ability to judge that someone is acting freely or in a way for which they can be held responsible. This in turn means, I claim, that these views, in practice, collapse into a sort of hard incompatibilist position, or the position of a free will denier. That would at least be an unintended consequence, and it might be regarded as a virtual reductio. Versions of the objection could likely be made against a number of other accounts of free will, but I will limit my focus to Kane and Fischer. Along the way, by way of response to some possible objections to my argument, I make some comments about epistemic closure principles.
Journal Article
A Pilgrimage Through John Martin Fischer’s Deep Control: Essays on Free Will and Value
John Martin Fischer’s most recent collection of essays,
Deep Control: Essays on Free Will and Value
, is both incredibly wide-ranging and impressively detailed. Fischer manages to cover a staggering amount of ground in the free will debate, while also providing insightful and articulate analyses of many of the positions defended in the field. In this collection, Fischer focuses on the relationship between free will and moral responsibility. In the first section of his book, Fischer defends Frankfurt cases as an important and useful tool in rejecting the necessity of regulative control for moral responsibility. In the second section, Fischer turns his attention to his own account of guidance control. In this essay, I first focus on Fischer’s defense of Frankfurt cases, specifically his response to the argument that the assumption of determinism in such cases is question-begging. I then analyze two objections to Fischer’s account of guidance control. Finally, I conclude with a brief discussion of the metaphor of the pilgrimage, which Fischer introduces in the opening essay of his collection.
Journal Article
Slinging the Bull in Korea
Campbell's time in Korea became an extended adventure in applied psychology. Among the many useful features of this rare Korean War memoir are Campbell's insights into the philosophies of Communist and democratic countries that would shape each other throughout the Cold War as the superpowers struggled for the hearts and minds of countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The psy-ops struggles to manipulate America's adversaries set the stage for forty years of subtle and not-so-subtle attempts to sway the enemy by nonlethal means.
eBook