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"Johnson, W"
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Germination Ecology and Growth Phenology of Cowvine (Ipomoea lonchophylla) as Influenced by Environmental Parameters
Cowvine (Ipomoea lonchophylla J.M. Black) is a native and widely spread summer broadleaf weed in Australia. It contains glycoresins, which are toxic to livestock. However, limited information is available on seed germination ecology and growth phenology of this species. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the response of I. lonchophylla to different environmental conditions. Results showed that the primary dormancy exhibited by I. lonchophylla is due to the physical impediment of the hard seed coat. The seed germination percentage was the highest at the constant temperature of 27 C and alternating temperatures of 35/25 C. Germination of I. lonchophylla was not stimulated by light, suggesting that this species is non-photoblastic. Ipomoea lonchophylla germination was intolerant of a medium to high level of salt stress, and germination was completely inhibited at 250 mM NaCl. The emergence of I. lonchophylla was not restricted by seeding depth up to 8 cm, but only 5% emergence was recorded when seeds were planted at a 16-cm depth. The germination percentage was also drastically reduced by 90% to 100% after exposure to either 3 mo in silage, 48-h digestion in steers, or silage plus digestion treatments. The growth and reproductive phenology of I. lonchophylla was affected by emergence time. Plants that emerged in late spring (November 15) were able to produce more berries per plant than those that emerged in midsummer (January 15) in southern New South Wales. Information gained in our study concerning high soil salinity, ensiling, and digestion will help to develop more sustainable and effective integrated weed management strategies for controlling and reducing the spread of this weed.
Journal Article
Aristotelian and Boolean Properties of the Keynes-Johnson Octagon of Opposition
Around the turn of the 20th century, Keynes and Johnson extended the well-known square of opposition to an octagon of opposition, in order to account for subject negation (e.g., statements like ‘all non-
S
are
P
’). The main goal of this paper is to study the logical properties of the Keynes-Johnson (KJ) octagons of opposition. In particular, we will discuss three concrete examples of KJ octagons: the original one for subject-negation, a contemporary one from knowledge representation, and a third one (hitherto not yet studied) from deontic logic. We show that these three KJ octagons are all Aristotelian isomorphic, but not all Boolean isomorphic to each other (the first two are representable by bitstrings of length 7, whereas the third one is representable by bitstrings of length 6). These results nicely fit within our ongoing research efforts toward setting up a systematic classification of squares, octagons, and other diagrams of opposition. Finally, obtaining a better theoretical understanding of the KJ octagons allows us to answer some open questions that have arisen in recent applications of these diagrams.
Journal Article
Complications of herpes zoster in immunocompetent older adults: Incidence in vaccine and placebo groups in two large phase 3 trials
An adjuvanted herpes zoster (HZ) subunit vaccine, HZ/su, demonstrated high efficacy against HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in two randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adults aged ≥50 and ≥70 years (ZOE-50 and ZOE-70, respectively).
Data from ZOE-50 and ZOE-70 trials were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of HZ/su against mortality, hospitalizations, and non-PHN complications of HZ including HZ-associated vasculitis, stroke, and disseminated, ophthalmic, neurologic, and visceral diseases.
In the pooled ZOE-50/ZOE-70 analysis, 1 of 32 HZ/su recipients (3.1%) and 16 of 477 placebo recipients (3.4%) with a confirmed HZ episode had complications other than PHN. Efficacy against HZ-related complications was 93.7% (95% confidence interval, 59.5–99.9%) in adults aged ≥50 years and 91.6% (43.3–99.8%) in adults ≥70 years. Five HZ-related hospitalizations, all in placebo recipients, and no HZ-related deaths were reported.
HZ/su reduces the risk of HZ-associated complications in older adults (NCT01165177; NCT01165229).
Journal Article
A Poem Is a Material Object: Claire Van Vliet’s Artists Books and Denise Levertov’s “Batterers”
A literary text is, for a book artist, like a score for a musician or a script for an actor: a basis on which to construct an artistic performance. Book artist Claire Van Vliet has, at her Janus Press, constructed dazzling broadsides and artist books based on poetry by, among others, Hayden Carruth, Galway Kinnell, and Margaret Kaufman. These works test or ignore boundaries between conventional categories such as book and broadside, two-dimensional display, and three-dimensional construction. The object she built based on Denise Levertov’s poem “Batterers” unfolds especially powerfully in time and three-dimensional space.
Journal Article
DEATHS
Leon W. Johnson Johnson, a retired Air Force general who won the Medal of Honor for leading a daring raid that cut Axis fuel supplies from Romania's oil fields in 1943, died in a retirement home near Fort Belvoir, Va. He was 93. The cause of death was not given. A staff member at the retirement home said Saturday that Johnson had died on Monday. On Aug. 3, 1943, Johnson, then a colonel, led the last bomber group that flew in below 100 feet to deliver the final blow of the all-out air assault in Romania.
Newspaper Article
Learning by Exams: The Impact of Two-Stage Cooperative Tests
Decades of research have documented the positive impacts of cooperative learning on student success: increased learning, retention through graduation, improved critical thinking, and intrinsic motivation. One cooperative teaching technique, however, has received relatively little attention. In the two-stage cooperative, group, or \"pyramid\" exam students first take an exam individually--as in traditional testing--and then take the same exam together with their learning group, with the exam grade being a weighted combination of their individual and group scores. This approach uses the exam itself not only for evaluation, but also as a learning tool. Although some researchers have studied group exams, they have not isolated the impact of group tests from individual achievement--an important omission. Using data from a mass lecture introductory sociology course, I found that holding individual achievement constant the group exam process significantly increased learning both for students who knew the material initially and for those who did not. This suggests that cooperative exams not only enhance learning but also allow for the process and form of testing to become more closely linked to the process and form of teaching and learning.
Journal Article
Holding the center : memoirs of a life in higher education
This memoir by Howard Wesley Johnson, who was president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during the 1960s and 1970s, is an autobiography as well as a history of how MIT coped with and responded to the hyperturbulance of the Vietnam era. The book reflects three themes: it is a history; it is a personal memoir that analyzes the author's mind set; and it is about management and leadership in modern times, about organizing to achieve goals, and about generating sound decisions. The book's 11 chapters are: (1) \"Growing Up in South Chicago during the Depression\"; (2) \"College and Going to War\"; (3) \"The University of Chicago after the War: Student and Faculty Member\"; (4) \"Becoming a Part of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology\"; (5) \"The School of Industrial Management becomes the Sloan School\"; (6) \"Early Years as President of MIT\"; (7) \"Grim Years for the Nation and the Universities\"; (8) \"Education in the Midst of Turmoil: The Close of a Presidency\"; (9) \"Chairing the MIT Corporation and Other Challenges\"; (10) \"Boston's Museum of Fine Arts in a New Era\"; and (11) \"MIT Goes On.\" A coda, \"Note for Students on Leadership,\" is appended. (Contains a list of sources and registry of names.) (SM)
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